Field planting and management techniques of garlic

Garlic, also known as garlic, garlic. Semiannual herb of the genus Allium in Liliaceae, used as a bulb in medicine. Harvest in spring and summer, tie the handle, hang in the ventilated place, dry in the shade and set aside. As the agricultural proverb says, "if you plant garlic, it will grow nine months." when the leaves are withered in June, they will be dug, removed, ventilated, dried or baked until the outer skin is dry.

Nutritional value of garlic

Garlic is nutritious: 69.8 grams of water, 4.4 grams of protein, 0.2 grams of fat, 23.6 grams of carbohydrates, 5 milligrams of calcium, 44 milligrams of phosphorus, 0.4 milligrams of iron and C3 milligrams of vitamin per 100 grams. In addition, it also contains thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, allicin, citral, selenium and germanium and other trace elements. Contains about 0.2% of the volatile oil, the main ingredient in the oil is allicin, which has bactericidal effect, and is produced by the hydrolysis of alliin in garlic by the action of garlic enzyme. It also contains a variety of thioether compounds composed of allyl, propyl and methyl groups. Garlic contains alliin, which is many times better for the brain than vitamin B. Usually let children eat more onions and garlic, can make the growth and development of brain cells more active.

Next, let's take a look at how to grow garlic and what to pay attention to.

Land selection

Garlic has strong adaptability to soil and can grow except saline-alkali soil. However, because the root system of garlic is shallow and the absorption capacity is weak, it is suitable for the rich sandy loam with rich organic matter. According to the characteristics of garlic root system, it is required to deep plough fine rake, smooth border surface, and apply sufficient mature organic fertilizer before sowing.

Apply sufficient base fertilizer

For fields with general land fertility, 4000 kg of rotten pig manure or other high-quality organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer can be used per mu. Add 15 kilograms of potassium sulfate per mu for garlic cultivation.

Sowing seeds

1 varieties: the special species of garlic moss are "Ershuizao" in Chengdu, Sichuan, the special species of garlic head are Xuzhou white garlic, and the mixed species of garlic head and garlic moss are "Jiading No.1" and "Jiading No.2" white garlic and Shandong Cangshan garlic.

2 sowing date: the suitable sowing time for harvesting garlic and garlic moss is from late August to early September, and those harvested as garlic seedlings can be sown from the middle of August to September. Now it is not too late to sow garlic moss, sow as soon as possible, and cover plastic film after 70% emergence.

3 sowing method: garlic cloves broken from garlic, with a small Lignified stem disk, should be stripped before sowing, otherwise the bottom cover will absorb water and rot and hinder the germination of buds. After the seed petal is broken, it must not be stacked together and should be spread evenly so as not to heat the seed pile and affect the germination and seedling growth. It is best to soak the seed petal in water for 1-2 days before sowing, so that the seed valve absorbs enough water and speeds up the rooting.

When sowing, generally according to the sowing ditch, the back of the selected petal (that is, the protruding side facing south) is arranged in the pre-opened sowing ditch, then the soil is covered, and the valve is slightly exposed after watering, so that the sown field is neat and the seedlings are slightly in one direction in the row, which is convenient for field management.

4 seeding rate: the sowing rate and density varied according to the purpose of cultivation. The row and plant spacing of collecting garlic or garlic moss was (16-26) × (10-13) cm, and the dosage per mu was 100-150 kg. In the production of garlic seedlings, the sowing is relatively dense, the spacing between rows and plants is 13 × 5 cm, and the sowing amount is 1000 kg per mu.

Field management

1 cover the membrane. After sowing and emergence, the seedlings are covered with plastic film when the seedlings are flat, cut with iron wire, so that the seedlings are easy to come out, and then covered with soil bacon is conducive to growth. Do not cover the film before the seedling is unearthed, otherwise the temperature is high, which is not conducive to seedling emergence. Plastic film mulching can increase temperature and moisture, protect fertilizer and increase efficiency, improve soil, control insects and grass, promote garlic plant development, early maturity and high yield.

(2) Fertilizer and water management of garlic seedlings: the production of garlic seedlings should be fertilized frequently, and human manure or pig manure should be applied after the garlic seedlings come out for the first time, 500-750 kg per mu. During the leaf growth period, the leaves were fertilized by stages for 2-3 times according to the growth condition.

Fertilizer and water management for garlic moss production: apply one quick-acting fertilizer (human manure or ammonium bicarbonate) in garlic 2-leaf stage to promote seedling growth, irrigate anti-freezing seedlings before overwintering (late November), and apply wax fertilizer in time. 1500 kg of human manure or pig manure or 3000 kg of other high-quality organic fertilizer per mu. After overwintering, during the garlic cleaning period (before the Qingming Festival), the garlic was poured back to clear water twice in a row, and the first watering was carried out with ammonium bicarbonate of 40 kg per mu. After watering, the soil moisture was preserved by shallow ploughing.

3hormone treatment. The bolting speed can be accelerated by using 920 (gibberellin Shanghai 18 Factory) when the garlic moss is just exposed. 920 usage: every gram of garlic is dissolved in alcohol and sprayed with 50 jin of water.

(4) promote the growth of garlic. After picking moss, 40 kilograms of ammonium sulfate per mu is applied to make the garlic expand rapidly. if you find that the leaf color is black, it is a symbol of water shortage. Timely irrigation is needed to make the garlic expand. Stop watering the garlic a week before harvest to promote the drying of the outer skin and make the nutrients of the stems and leaves closer to the garlic.

5Prevention of diseases and insect pests. Garlic disease is less, mainly afraid of maggots and thrips, maggot damage mostly occurred in the rotten mother period before and after turning green, thrips began to damage in mid-April. Control methods: combined with watering and chemical irrigation, the root can be irrigated with 90% trichlorfon 800-1000 times per mu.

There are skills in topdressing garlic.

Topdressing for autumn sowing garlic should be applied once at the seedling stage and before overwintering, and the fertilizer can be used with human manure or chemical fertilizer. Generally, 1000-2500 kg of mature human feces and urine per mu, or 15-20 kg of ammonium sulfate, or 7-9 kg of urea, should be applied with water. If the garlic seedlings grow vigorously, you can avoid topdressing to prevent the seedlings from becoming too prosperous before winter. When overwintering, it is necessary to cover wheat straw or rice straw, sprinkle soil and miscellaneous fertilizer, pond mud, etc., applying 5000kg to 7000kg per mu, which can make the plant bolting early in the second year, the cloves of garlic are big and the garlic is heavy. After the temperature rises in spring, in order to meet the demand for nutrients in the spring stage, spring fertilizer should be applied in time, and human feces, urine or chemical fertilizer can be applied. When bolting, apply ammonium sulfate 20kg / mu, or urea 9kg / mu. One month after the application of bolting fertilizer, the scale buds of garlic entered the prosperous stage and needed a large amount of nourishment. at this time, quick-acting fertilizer should be applied once, and pig manure urine 3000kg / mu, or ammonium sulfate 18kg / mu, or urea 8kg / mu could be applied, which could promote garlic early bolting and improve the yield and quality of garlic bolting and garlic head. When applying fertilizer to garlic, we should pay attention to the fertilization in two key periods, one is to promote seedling fertilizer to promote the growth of garlic leaves, and the other is to promote the expansion of garlic bulb.