High-yield cultivation techniques of kidney bean

Kidney bean scientific name kidney bean, leguminous family kidney bean genus. Kidney beans originated in Mexico and Argentina in the Americas, and China began to introduce cultivation at the end of the 16th century. Kidney beans are rich in vitamin C. From the nutrient content, protein content is higher than chicken, calcium content is more than 7 times that of chicken, iron is 4 times, B vitamin is also higher than chicken.

Kidney beans have high nutritional value and medicinal value, the use method is generally boiled and stewed the best, cooked kidney beans taste excellent, but also can be made into bean stuffing for people to eat, so kidney beans are loved by people. Now there is also a kind of canned beans on the market, which is also favored by some consumers. For vegetable farmers, the yield and quality of kidney beans are their concerns. The following are the key points of high-yield cultivation techniques for kidney beans:

The requirements of kidney beans for environmental conditions

1, temperature: kidney beans suitable for planting in temperate and tropical high altitude areas, relatively cold, avoid high temperature. When the temperature is lower than 5 degrees, it freezes, and the ground part dies in case of frost. The optimum germination temperature is 20-25℃, the optimum growth temperature is 18-20℃, and it is difficult to pollinate and set fruit when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃ or lower than 15 ℃. Especially suitable for Yunnan plateau mountain planting.

2. Light: It belongs to cross-pollination, short-day crops, and likes sufficient sunshine. The shorter the sunshine time, the sunshine is enough, the earlier the kidney bean flowering, pod setting and ripening time. On the contrary, the sunshine is prolonged, the sunshine is insufficient, the kidney beans bloom, pod, mature time is delayed, the branches and leaves are too long, and even the flowers and pods cannot be produced.

3, water: in the whole growth period, kidney beans require more adequate and uniform water, flowering and pod-setting period is the most water required period. At this time, if there is water shortage, it will have a greater impact on yield. In Yunnan and Guizhou, natural rainfall usually meets the requirements and can not be irrigated.

4, soil: kidney bean root system is relatively developed, suitable for deep soil layer and good drainage of the soil type of planting, heavy clay and poor drainage of the soil is not suitable. Soil pH is neutral and slightly acidic.

cultivation points

1. Grasp the best season and sow at the right time. Sowing can be done when the soil temperature is 10 degrees, generally from April to June, the sowing amount per mu is 6.5-8 kg, and the sowing depth is required to be 10-15 cm.

2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and topdressing in due time. About 1500 kg of agricultural fertilizer shall be applied per mu, and 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer (30 kg of phosphorus fertilizer and 10-15 kg of potassium fertilizer) shall be used as base fertilizer. Topdressing in the beginning of flowering and pod-bearing period appropriate topdressing twice compound fertilizer, each time 10-15 kg per mu.

3. Reasonable close planting. Single ridge or double ridge high moisture cultivation is required, row spacing is 0.8-1 m, plant spacing is 0.35-0.45 m. Sow 2-3 seeds per pond, 1500-2200 ponds per mu. It can be interplanted with corn and potato (2: 1,4: 1).

4. Frame and top off. When the main stem is 30-40 cm high or 5-6 true leaves appear, the frame is more than 2 meters high, and the technical head is removed when the plant is about 50 cm high. By plucking new branches for many times, the plants can be formed into short shrubs, reduce height and increase the number of flowers and pods.

5, timely control of pests and weeds (wilt disease, powdery mildew, virus disease, aphids, pod borer, red spider, mung bean elephant).

Kidney beans should not be continuously planted with leguminous crops

Continuous cropping is a taboo problem for many crops. Kidney beans belong to leguminous crops and are also not suitable for continuous cropping with leguminous crops. Under normal circumstances, crops that are not suitable for continuous cropping will affect the yield if they are continuously cropped. If kidney beans are continuously cropped with legume crops, the problem of diseases and insect pests will be more serious, which is not conducive to the growth of kidney beans and increases the probability of kidney beans suffering from diseases. In addition, beans need to absorb nitrogen nutrients, and 30% of these nitrogen must be obtained from soil, and about 70% of rhizobia are fixed from the air, so we should consider the activity conditions of rhizobia symbiotic with kidney beans during cultivation.

It is not suitable for transplantation, it is suitable for direct seeding, shallow seeding as far as possible, and at the same time, pay attention not to dry seeding.

Kidney beans belong to crops with developed roots, which have developed taproots. The length of taproots in soil can reach more than 70 cm, and the lateral roots can also reach about 60 cm. Therefore, kidney beans have a certain degree of drought resistance. Those who know the characteristics of kidney bean plants know that kidney beans have nodules on their roots, which are used for nitrogen fixation. Although the root system of kidney beans is developed, its regeneration ability is not strong. Once it is damaged, it will affect the growth of plants. Therefore, it is best to direct seed multiple rows in cultivation to avoid damage to the root system of kidney beans, so as not to cause poor plant development and affect the yield and quality of kidney beans. Some farmers in order to kidney beans early market, can take transplanting, but it is best to use nutrition bowl seedlings, and seedling age should not be too long, because if the seedling is too long, kidney bean seedlings will grow larger, due to limited space in the nutrition bowl, kidney bean seedlings in the case of growing larger transplant, will hurt the roots of the plant, thus affecting the growth of the plant. Kidney bean seeds need sufficient oxygen and moisture during germination. If dry seeds are sown deep enough to meet moisture supply, oxygen supply cannot be met. If shallow sowing is carried out in order to satisfy the oxygen supply, it is often unable to satisfy the water supply due to the lack of moisture in the surface layer of the soil.

Therefore, kidney beans should not be transplanted, suitable for direct seeding, as far as possible shallow seeding, at the same time pay attention not to dry seeding.