Cultivation techniques of Artemisia annua L. in greenhouse

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.), also known as Artemisia, Chrysanthemum cauliflower, Artemisia annua, Artemisia seed, Artemisia seed, cauliflower (also known as goose cauliflower and Italian cauliflower in Fujian and other places), is an annual or biennial herb of Compositae with alternate leaves, long-pinnately divided flowers and yellow or white flowers, very similar to wild chrysanthemums. Achene edge, two or three feet high, stems and leaves can be eaten when tender, can also be used as medicine. In ancient China, chrysanthemum was a court delicacy, so it was also called emperor cuisine. Artemisia annua has the breath of Artemisia annua and the sweet fragrance of chrysanthemum. According to Chinese ancient medicine books, Artemisia is sweet, pungent, flat, non-toxic and has the effect of "reassuring qi, nourishing spleen and stomach, eliminating phlegm and drinking, benefiting intestines and stomach". Ornamental cultivation in gardens all over China. Hebei, Shandong, Shijiazhuang and other places are wild.

Artemisia annua is also known as Artemisia annua, Artemisia seed pole, because its flowers are very similar to wild chrysanthemum, so it is also known as chrysanthemum. The stems and leaves of Artemisia annua can be eaten together. Chrysanthemum chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum sweet, fresh, tender and crisp praise, general nutrients, especially carotene content more than ordinary vegetables, 1.5-30 times the content of cucumber and eggplant.

Chrysanthemum contains a variety of amino acids, so chrysanthemum has the functions of moistening the lungs and tonifying the liver, stabilizing mood and preventing memory loss, and chrysanthemum chrysanthemum also contains crude fiber to help intestinal peristalsis, can promote our defecation, so as to achieve the purpose of relieving bowels. Chrysanthemum is rich in vitamins, carotene and so on. Chrysanthemum has a fragrant smell and can relieve phlegm and cough. Artemisia annua contains protein and high amounts of sodium, potassium and other mineral salts, which can regulate water metabolism and eliminate edema. Artemisia annua also contains a volatile essential oil, as well as choline and other substances, which can lower blood pressure and replenish the brain.

How to cultivate Artemisia annua in greenhouse?

1. Select varieties: Artemisia annua has large leaf varieties and leaflet varieties, and leaflet varieties are mainly used in greenhouse cultivation. Leaflet varieties are cold-tolerant, strong fragrance, fine twigs, fast growth and early maturity, and the growth period is 40-50 days.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization: 2500-5000 kg of high-quality farm manure, 50-100 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate were applied to the ground evenly per mu, and then turned deeply twice, the fertilizer was fully mixed with the soil, and the bed was made after being flattened. The width of the bed was 1-1.5 m, and then hugged flat and treaded lightly once in the border to prevent subsidence after watering.

3. Sowing at the right time: the northern region can sow seeds from early October to mid-November. If Lesser Snow sows in the greenhouse before, it can be harvested during the Spring Festival.

Sowing rate: 1kg / mu.

Seed treatment: soak in 30 ℃ warm water for 24 hours 3-5 days before planting, rinse, drain and dry, put into a clean container and germinate under the condition of 15-20 ℃. Rinse with warm water once a day and sprout in 3-5 days.

Sowing: no matter the dry seed is sown or sowed after budding, it can be sowed and sowed. During strip sowing, ditch was opened by 15~20cm in the border with width of 1m to 1.5m, ditch depth 1cm, watering with kettle in ditch, sowing seeds in ditch after water infiltration, and then covering soil. When sowing, first take soil 0.5~1cm thick from the border surface, put it in the adjacent border, cuddle the border surface flat, pour through water, and sow seeds after water infiltration; then cover the soil evenly with the thickness of 1.5cm.

4. Greenhouse management:

Temperature: after sowing, the temperature can be slightly higher, 20: 25 ℃ during the day, 15: 20 ℃ at night, 4: 5 days (budding) or 6: 7 days (dried seeds). After emergence, the temperature in the greenhouse was controlled at 15: 20 ℃ in the daytime and 8: 10 ℃ at night. Pay attention to prevent high temperature, when the temperature exceeds 28 ℃, ventilation and cooling, more than 30 ℃ is disadvantageous to growth, photosynthesis decreases or stops, and growth is affected, resulting in thin leaves, increased fiber and decreased quality. The lowest temperature should be controlled above 12 ℃. Below this temperature, we should pay attention to cold protection and increase cold protection facilities to avoid freezing injury or death.

Water and fertilizer: keep the ground moist after sowing to facilitate seedling emergence. Generally, it is not watered after emergence, which promotes the root system to tie down. High humidity and low temperature are prone to quenching disease. When the seedlings grow 8-10 leaves, choose sunny and warm weather watering once, combined with watering and fertilization once, 15-20 kg ammonium sulfate per mu. Watering 2-3 times during the growing period, pay attention to choosing clear days each time, the amount of water should not be too large, and the relative humidity should be controlled below 95%. When the humidity is high, ventilation and dehumidification at noon with high temperature in sunny days should be selected to prevent the occurrence of diseases.

When the seedling height was 3.5cm, the plant and row spacing were used as the 3.5cm to fix the seedling. The seedlings should be watered less, and the soil should be kept moist in the middle and later stages of growth. After interseedling, fixed seedling and each harvest, 10-15 kg urea per mu was applied.

After emergence, the water should be properly controlled, the management should be strengthened after 6-8 leaves, and the temperature should be controlled at 18-22 ℃ to keep the soil moist and promote growth.

Chemical weeding: weeding should be done in time after sowing and before budding. Use 25% herbicide 0.5 kg per mu to 60 kg water, spray evenly with a sprayer (often stir the liquid to prevent the drug from precipitating and affect the effect), or mix the needed medicine with 25 kg of fine soil (or fine sand) and spread it evenly in the field. It should be noted that it can not be watered 2 days after application and cannot hoe within 7 days. Sufficient bottom water should be irrigated when sowing, seedling water should be watered once near seedling emergence, and weeding should be ploughed in time after seedling emergence.

5. Harvest: one-time harvest and phased harvest. The one-time harvest is harvested on the ground 40-50 days after sowing and when the seedling height is about 20cm. There are two methods of harvesting by stages, one is to harvest sparsely, the other is to retain 1 or 2 lateral branches, watering and topdressing once after each harvest, in order to promote the germination and growth of lateral branches. It can be harvested again every 20 to 30 days. The yield of the second harvest is 1000-1500 kg per mu.

6. Pest control:

Downy mildew: it is easy to occur when the temperature is suitable and the humidity is high. The management of temperature and humidity in the field and greenhouse should be strengthened. During the onset of the disease, you can use 90% ethyl phosphate aluminum wettable powder 500 times liquid, 64% poison alum wettable powder 400 times liquid or 58% Ruidu manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid spray, spray once in 5 days and 2 times 4 times in a row.

Virus disease: mainly transmitted by aphids, when aphids occur, the disease is serious. The prevention and control of virus diseases mainly depends on the elimination of aphids, the reduction of population density and the reduction of transmission vectors. At the initial stage of the disease, the virus was sprayed with 500x solution, 300x solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5~1mg/ kg mixture of triacontanol. When spraying, first fully mix the above three kinds of agents, and make the spraying uniform.

Quenching disease: chrysanthemum cultivated in greenhouse, mainly through the flow of water. The disease is more likely to occur in the greenhouse when the temperature is low, the humidity is high, the sowing is too dense and the light is insufficient. The greenhouse should maintain a suitable temperature and pay attention to ventilation and moisture discharge. The moisture should be controlled at the seedling stage, and the diseased plants should be removed in time. Soil disinfection should be carried out for cultivation in the greenhouse. The method is to loosen the soil and sprinkle 40% formalin 100 times solution, about 3 kg per square meter, 2-3 weeks before sowing, then cover with plastic film for 4-5 days, remove the plastic film and loosen the soil again, and sow after 2 weeks. When the central diseased strain was found, it could be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 500 times, 70% mancozeb 500 times, or 25% pyrethromycin 800 times 1000 times. These agents should be used alternately, spray once every 5-7 days, and spray 3-4 times in a row.