Planting techniques of bottle gourd

Speaking of bottle gourd, many people may not know what it is. The main reason is that many people do not know the word "bottle". In fact, when we see bottle gourd, many people understand that it is a common and common ingredient in our life.

What is bottle gourd

Bottle gourd (Pinyin: hogzu), alias: sweet gourd, sweet gourd, gourd, Jingjie mallet, longmi melon, celadon, long gourd, flat cattail; angiosperm, a kind of gourd of cucurbitaceae, is a variety of gourd of this genus, annual climbing herb. It is different from the gourd (original variety) in that the ovary is cylindrical; the fruit is cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, up to 60-80 cm long, green and white, and the flesh is white. The fruit is soft and juicy when it is tender and can be used as a vegetable. It is cultivated in most parts of the country, widely cultivated in the Yangtze River basin and harvested in summer and autumn.

The growing environment of bottle gourd

Bottle gourd is a temperature-loving plant, the suitable temperature for growth is 20-25 ℃, and it is not resistant to waterlogging and drought. It should be drained in rainy areas and irrigated in time in case of drought. The seeds began to germinate at 15 ℃ and germinated fastest at 30-35 ℃. The optimum temperature for growth and fruiting stage was 20-25 ℃. The bottle gourd cannot bear the high temperature. It requires high light conditions, less disease, good growth and fruit and high yield under the condition of sufficient sunlight. Strict requirements for moisture, not resistant to early and not resistant to waterlogging. As a result, higher air humidity is required during the period. It is not resistant to barren, and it is appropriate to use humus-rich soil with strong water and fertility conservation. Nitrogen is the main nutrient, combined with appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, so as to improve yield and quality.

Planting techniques of bottle gourd

1. Selecting stubble for soil preparation: select Pingchuan with good drainage and fertile soil, low-lying land and hilly land with irrigation conditions. Avoid watermelons and other melons. Soil preparation: top pulp and ridge, timely suppression and preservation of soil moisture. The transplanted ridge is a long-mouth ridge. The width of the ridge is 913 cm, and 7 to 8 empty ridges in the middle should also be planted to help kill weeds.

2. Seed soaking and sprouting: Japanese green bottle bottle is selected and soaked in 40 ℃ warm water for 12 hours. After it is removed, it is wrapped with gauze and dried, and the soaked sweet bottle seeds are chewed. Use a wooden trough or ordinary basin, pad with a layer of sterilized sawdust or sand, and then cover with a layer of gauze, put the soaked seeds evenly on the gauze, cover with a wrenched new towel, cover with a curtain, cover with a quilt to accelerate sprouting, and use a new brush to brush water twice a day. The budding temperature is generally 25-28 ℃. It is required to pick out the budded seeds every day, put them in another basin and put them in a cool place indoors to control the growth of the buds.

3. Seeding in seedbed:

① nursery bed ready. At the bottom of the seedbed, 8 cm horse dung or chopped grass, covered with a layer of soil, tread flat. At the same time, 70% of 0. 3. 0. 6 grams / square meter of dimethysone wettable powder disinfection, while withholding the shed. After sowing the seeds, buckle the shed on the seedbed.

② nutrient soil preparation. Select the soil that has not used herbicides such as Pushter and Dosulfuron, sift it, and mix it with the screened mature farm manure according to the ratio of 7 ∶ 2.

③ bagged and sowed seeds. Put the nutritious soil into a 10cm × 15cm plastic bag, and put 2030 grains of diammonium as base fertilizer at the bottom of the plastic bag. Cut the bottom corner of the bag or pierce 4 eyes with a hole of 8mm / 10mm at the bottom of the bag to make it permeable. The sowing time is based on the local season. Stick a hole 3 to 4 centimeters deep in the middle of the nutrition bag, put the budding seeds with the bud eyes down, and water the soil once.

4, nursery bed management: properly watered, not over waterlogging; rodent and pest control: phoxim and trichlorfon can be mixed with wheat bran (poison bait); weeding in time, spraying foliar fertilizer; starting to calm down when the true leaves grow to 3: 4, to prevent excessive growth; the suitable temperature of the seedbed is 25: 28 ℃, not less than 15 ℃ at night. Generally, the seedling age is 35-40 days, and the seedlings are refined 5-7 days before planting.

5. transplant at the right time:

① dug a big hole. Before transplanting, dig 20 cm × 20 cm holes, plant spacing 1. 3 cm 1. 6 m, protect seedlings about 80 plants per mu, apply 5 ∶ 7. 5 kg farm manure and 100 kg 250 g chemical fertilizer (3 ∶ 1 ∶ 1) as base fertilizer.

② was transplanted artificially. Pour enough water into the nutrition bag before transplanting, transplant the seedlings into the hole, cover the soil, and pour enough water. At the same time, cover with film, pick eyes and release seedlings. You can also choose double-film transplanting, that is, adding arch film after transplanting.

6. Field management:

① artificial weeding, timely control of diseases and insect pests.

② combined with topdressing to flatten the ridges and spread the grass. Use about 1 kilogram of straw or wheat straw per square meter to prevent grass shortage. When the main vine grows to about 50 cm, it is best to combine irrigation with urea 100g and 250g per plant. Topdressing should not be too close to the main root to prevent root burning. Do not scatter urea on the leaves to prevent leaf burning.

③ follows the vine, pinches, forks, and pollinates artificially. Smooth vines, leaving two main vines per plant. The two main vines are placed horizontally on the open ridge to cultivate directional soil for one time. Pinching: first-order bifurcation, when growing to 3 leaves, start pinching, watch and adjust the second or third bifurcation, the main vine pinching after August 23. Artificial pollination: generally sweet bottle gourd forked in the morning, pinched, pollination began at 16:00 in the afternoon, after the End of Heat can stop pollination, generally two main vines bear melon 6 or 8.

Cultivated varieties of bottle gourd

1. Line bottle gourd: the flesh of line bottle gourd is white, about 1 cm thick, tender meat, less fiber, good quality and cooked food, strong heat resistance, not cold resistance, not resistant to waterlogging. The ability of resistance to diseases and insects is moderate.

2. Long bottle gourd: the fruit of long bottle bottle is cylindrical, 40cm long and 50cm long, with light green skin, white pulp, soft and good quality. the fruit is precocious and often bears on the vine or lateral vine.

3. Noodle gourd: noodle gourd fruit is similar in length, thickness, stalk, thin pericarp, light green, glossy, meat thick and tender, white, single melon weighs 1.5-2.0 kg, resistant to aging and precocious.

4. Big gourd: big gourd has white flesh, dense texture, more moisture, less fiber, slightly sweet taste, better quality, tender melon for cooked food, old melon can be used as receptacle, heat-resistant, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, fertilizer-loving.

5. Xiaogan bottle gourd: Xiaogan gourd fruit is cylindrical, thin peel, green, thick and white meat, few seeds and good quality. The weight of single melon is about 1 kg, early maturing and high yield varieties.

6. Sanjiangkou bottle gourd: Sanjiangkou bottle gourd has delicate meat, sweet taste and good quality. it weighs 750 grams per melon, is more resistant to low temperature and insect pests, and produces 3500-4000 kg per mu.

Thus it can be seen that there are actually many kinds of bottle gourd, and it is necessary to pay attention to certain planting skills when planting bottle gourd. Despite the small bottle bottle, it is actually quite troublesome to grow. There are still a lot of things that need to be paid attention to in order to get twice the result with half the effort!