How can Trichosanthes be cultivated for high yield

When it comes to Trichosanthes, many people may not be particularly familiar with it, thinking that it is a fruit that can be eaten, but Trichosanthes has certain medicinal effects, and its market share is not particularly common, because many people do not know much about it.

What is trichosanthes?

Trichosanthes kirilowii, alias balsam pear (Yueqing), melon (Wenzhou Wencheng), crow melon (Wenzhou). Root (Chinese medicine name Trichosanthes kirilowii), fruit (Chinese medicine name Trichosanthes kirilowii), pericarp (Chinese medicine name Trichosanthes kirilowii), seed (Chinese medicine name Trichosanthes kirilowii), Cucurbitaceae Trichosanthes kirilowii is a perennial climbing herb, up to 10 meters long. Rhizomes plump, terete, rind yellow. Stems much branched, glabrous; leaves alternate, suborbicular or cordate, dioecious; male flowers several racemes, rarely solitary, corolla lobes obovate, female flowers solitary, ovary ovate, fruit subglobose, orange-red when ripe, flowering and fruiting period 7~11 months. So if Trichosanthes kirilowii wants high yield, how should it be cultivated?

How to cultivate high yield fruit

1. Soil preparation and fertilization

Select high terrain, good drainage field, intensive cultivation, combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. Then make a 1.5 meter wide high ridge. Waiting for sowing.

2. Sowing

Trichosanthes kirilowii L. often uses seeds and tubers to propagate in production. The sowing time is spring sowing. Before seed propagation and sowing, the seeds are germinated, and after the seeds are white, they are sown on the whole bed surface according to the row spacing of 150×30 cm. Put 5 seeds in each hole. Water preservation, to facilitate emergence. This method is often used for the purpose of harvesting trichosanthes.

3. Tuber reproduction

Select good plants bearing fruit for 3~5 years, dig out underground tubers and cut them into 5~7 cm long middle sections. After the wound is healed, the seed section is planted on the well arranged ridge surface according to the row spacing of 150 * 30 cm. In order to facilitate the pollination of Trichosanthes kirilowii, 10-15 male plants are often configured per mu during planting. If plastic film mulching is adopted, the yield can be increased.

4. Field management

After Trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings, pay attention to intertillage and weeding. Water immediately in dry weather; drain in rainy weather. Topdressing should be applied once every year before and after autumn: urea 10 kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 kg per mu. In winter, 3000 kg of fertilizer per mu shall be applied. In order to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, some corn, sorghum and other high-stem crops can be intercropped appropriately.

Integrated control measures of diseases and insect pests

Control of diseases and insect pests Trichosanthes kirilowii disease less, if found can be controlled by conventional methods. Diseases and pests mainly include root-knot nematodes, and integrated control measures can be adopted when controlling them:

1. When preparing the soil, apply 10kg of 5% gram phosphorus granules or 5kg of 3% carbofuran evenly into the soil for control.

2. Soak the seed segments of Trichosanthes kirilowii in 800-fold solution of 4% Isosalinophos methyl for 15 minutes to kill nematodes on the seed segments and then plant them after drying slightly. Yellow Shougua can be poisoned with 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution. Aphids are killed with dimethoate.

Effect and function of trichosanthes peel

1. Effects on cardiovascular system

Trichosanthes peel decoction has certain inhibitory effect on drug-induced arrhythmia. The results showed that the decoction of Trichosanthes peel could prevent ventricular fibrillation induced by calcium chloride in rats by intraperitoneal injection in advance; it could also obviously increase the threshold dose of ventricular tachycardia induced by ouabain in guinea pigs; it could prolong the latency of arrhythmia induced by aconitine in rats, but there was no significant difference in statistics; the decoction of Trichosanthes peel could obviously prolong P-R, Q-T and R-R intervals of ECG in normal anesthetized rats by intraperitoneal injection.

2, the role of the digestive system

Trichosanthes kirilowii contains purgative substances, which have a purgative effect on the human body. The purgative effect of Fructus Trichosanthis is weak, the purgative effect of fatty oil contained in Fructus Trichosanthis is strong, and the purgative effect of Fructus Trichosanthis cream is mild.

The ethanol extract of Trichosanthes kirilowii L. can inhibit gastric mucosa injury induced by pyloric ligation, 5-HT and ethanol hydrochloride. The ethanol extract of Trichosanthes kirilowii L. can inhibit ileal contraction induced by acetylcholine in mice.

3. Antibacterial effect

In vitro tests showed that Trichosanthes decoction or infusion on E. coli and other gram-negative intestinal pathogens, Staphylococcus, pneumococcus, hemolytic streptococci, influenza bacilli and so on have inhibitory effect. In addition, it also has an inhibitory effect on dermatopathogenic fungi such as Microsporophytes odoensis and Nocardia stellata.

4. Anti-tumor effect

In vitro experiments showed that Trichosanthes kirilowii decoction and extracts of Trichosanthes peel and Trichosanthes seed had killing effect on mouse ascites cancer cells. The anticancer effect of Trichosanthes peel is better than Trichosanthes seed in vitro, and 60% ethanol extract has the strongest effect. The white amorphous powder obtained from ether extract of Trichosanthes peel also has anticancer effect in vitro, but the seed shell and fatty oil are ineffective. Animal experiments showed that Trichosanthes kirilowii had certain inhibitory effect on sarcomas, but had no obvious effect on ascites carcinoma.

5. Other functions

Experiments prove that Trichosanthes injection can obviously inhibit platelet aggregation and TXA2 synthesis induced by ADP and arachidonic acid, and its action intensity is related to dosage.

Intraperitoneal injection of Trichosanthes kirilowii injection also significantly reduced the maximum platelet aggregation rate and maximum platelet aggregation rate after coronary artery ligation for 1 hour and reperfusion for 23 hours. Trichosanthes kirilowii acid, the effective component of trichosanthes kirilowii, inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen, adenosine diphosphate and adrenaline in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition of platelet aggregation by Trichosanthes kirilowii may be related to the inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase activity and the reduction of TXA2 formation.

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the continuous increase of knowledge, the role and value of Trichosanthes has gradually been known by more people, so the market prospect of planting Trichosanthes is still very good, and its market potential is still huge.