Fertilization Technique of Potato

Potato, a perennial herb of Solanaceae, is the third most important food crop in the world, second only to wheat and corn. Potato, also known as ground egg, potato, potato, etc., is the tuber of Solanaceae. Together with wheat, corn, rice and sorghum, it has become the world's top five crops.

Potato protein has high nutritional value. Potato tubers contain about 2% protein, and the protein content in dried potatoes is 8%-9%. According to research, the nutritional value of potato protein is very high, and its quality is equivalent to that of eggs. It is easy to digest and absorb, and is better than that of other crops. And potato protein contains 18 kinds of amino acids, including all kinds of essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body. Highly appraising the nutritional value of potato is inseparable from the existence of lysine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and methionine in its tuber containing high-grade protein and essential amino acids.

Characteristics of fertilizer requirement of potato

The amount of fertilizer absorbed by potato was very little in the seedling stage, increased rapidly in the growing stage, reached the peak in the early stage of potato formation, and then decreased sharply. According to the percentage of total fertilizer absorption, the absorption of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) in each growth stage was 6%, 8%, 9%, 38%, 34%, 36%, and 56%, 58%, 55%, respectively. Among the three factors, potato absorbs the most potassium, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that nitrogen (N) 5~6kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 1~3kg, potassium (K2O) 12~13kg were required for each production of 1000kg tuber, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 2.5 P2O5 and 5.3. The requirement of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in potato increases with the growth of stem, leaf and tuber. The amount of fertilizer required in the peak stage of tuber formation accounts for about 60% of the total fertilizer requirement, and about 20% of the total fertilizer requirement in the early and late growth stages.

Common problems in Potato cultivation

1. Too much nitrogen and phosphorus and insufficient potash fertilizer. We can see from the fertilizer demand law of potato that potassium is twice as much as nitrogen and five times as much as phosphorus, and certain fertilizers such as calcium, magnesium and sulfur are needed. For example, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilization is unreasonable and can not meet the requirements of fertilizer demand. High and stable yield can not be obtained. There are some elderly farmers who only use nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers in fertilizing potatoes, and do not use potash and medium element fertilizers at all. as a result, the annual output is low and unstable, so they mistakenly think that the fertilizer is not good. I don't know that the reason for the low yield is the lack of potassium in the soil, not applying potash fertilizer and medium elements.

Some farmers are still applying fertilizers with high chlorine content. Potato is a chlorine-free crop. If chlorine-containing fertilizer is applied, it will affect the formation and accumulation of starch and the quality of tubers. It is best to choose potassium sulfate fertilizer for growing potatoes. In addition, continuous continuous cropping results in a single nutrient, resulting in the decline of soil fertility and serious disease. In order to avoid the decline of soil fertility, the imbalance of nutrients and the aggravation of soil infectious diseases caused by continuous cropping all the year round, the root growth should be controlled and the nutrient absorption capacity would be greatly reduced.

Fertilization Technology of Potato

The fertilization technology of potato should follow the principle of farm manure, chemical fertilizer, base fertilizer and proper topdressing.

① was re-applied with base fertilizer. The amount of base fertilizer generally accounts for more than 2x3 of the total fertilizer application, and the base fertilizer is mainly fully mature farm manure, adding a certain amount of chemical fertilizer, especially phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer, which can improve the physical properties of the soil and is beneficial to the growth and tuber formation. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer accounts for about 50%, and the application method of the base fertilizer is ditch or hole application before planting, and the deep 15cm is about. The specific amount of fertilizer application is about 1500kg per 667m2, and organic fertilizer 1500~2500kg, urea 20kg, calcium 20~30kg, potash fertilizer 10~12kg or potato special fertilizer 40~60kg are applied per 667m2, and the amount of fertilizer can be increased appropriately in high-yield areas. Chemical fertilizer should be applied to the off-seed potato 2~3cm to avoid direct contact with the seed potato and cover the soil after fertilization.

② topdressing early. Topdressing should be applied reasonably in combination with the growing period of potatoes. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the seedling stage, and it can be combined with medium tillage and 5~8kg per 667m2 mixed with water, which is beneficial to seedling protection. After flowering, potatoes generally do not apply topdressing in the rhizosphere, especially nitrogen fertilizer. After flowering, potatoes are mainly foliar sprayed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 50kg is sprayed on each 667m2 leaf. If nitrogen is deficient, it can be increased by 100m 150g urea, once every 10 to 15 days, for 3 consecutive times. Potatoes are sensitive to boron and zinc. If the soil is boron-deficient or zinc-deficient, 0.1%-0.3% borax or zinc sulfate can be sprayed, usually once every 7 days, twice in a row, with solution 50~70kg per 667m2.

Note: potato is a potassium-loving crop, so special attention should be paid to the application of potassium fertilizer in balanced fertilization. At the same time, should not use too much chlorine fertilizer, such as potassium chloride, should choose potassium sulfate, otherwise it will affect the quality of potatoes.