Field management of peony before and after flowering

Tree peony (Latin name: Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is a perennial deciduous shrub of Ranunculaceae and Paeonia lactiflora. Beautiful flower color, jade smile and pearl fragrance, elegant and unrestrained, magnificent, known as "king of flowers" reputation. In the cultivation type, it can be divided into hundreds of varieties mainly according to the color of the flowers. " Peony variety, color is also many, to yellow, green, flesh red, crimson, silver red as the top grade, especially yellow, green is expensive. Peony flowers are large and fragrant, so they are also known as "national color and heavenly fragrance". The management of pre-flowering and post-flowering of peony planting in the field is very important, so how to manage it?

The early flowering period is from February to April. During this period, the temperature gradually picked up, and after a winter dormancy, the peony gradually returned to its growth state. The growth of new branches, the development of flower buds and the growth of sprouting branches are full of vitality. At the same time, weeds in the fields are also growing. This period can be described as the sprint stage before flowering, the work must be done carefully, and the technical points are as follows:

Removing the sprouting and tillering branches is commonly known as peeling "soil buds". The buds from the roots of peonies are called "soil buds". Except for the renewal of old branches or the need to retain a certain number of soil buds for reproduction, the rest are all stripped off, so as not to cause plant clutter and affect ventilation and light transmission. Compete for water and fertilizer with the trunk branches. It is appropriate to peel the soil buds sooner rather than later, that is, when the soil buds have just been unearthed or not unearthed at the beginning of spring, peel off the topsoil of the rhizosphere, so as not to consume the nutrients of the mother plant and affect the flowering.

The rapid extension of branches, the rapid expansion of leaves and the rapid expansion of flower buds all need sufficient nutrient supply. Therefore, this topdressing should be based on available fertilizer, combined with phosphate fertilizer, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2 ∶ 2 ∶ 1 or 2 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 to make the flowers big and colorful. Fertilization should be carried out in the first ten days of March, about 15 kilograms per mu, fertilization should be combined with watering, the nutrients in any fertilizer can be absorbed and utilized by plants only after they are dissolved in water, and then each fertilization should be combined with watering.

Weeding not only has the function of removing weeds, but also can prevent drought, preserve soil moisture, increase soil temperature and promote early germination. The depth of hoeing is about 10cm, so it is necessary to hoe carefully and do not keep the land.

Field management at late flowering stage

From May to September, this period is in summer, which is not only the critical period of nutrition accumulation and flower bud differentiation of peony growth and development, but also the harmful period of diseases, pests, weeds, drought and waterlogging. Strengthening field management is beneficial to the robust growth and good development of peony, so that the peony will have more flowers and colorful flowers in the following year. The management measures are mainly "second protection and second promotion", that is, protecting leaves and roots, promoting growth and promoting flower bud differentiation. The main technologies are as follows:

Scientific fertilization of peony flowering has the saying of "giving up one's life but not giving up flowers". Peony flowers have many large petals and terminal flowers, and they consume a lot of nutrients when they bloom. Therefore, fertilization must be applied in time after flowering, not until mid-May at the latest to ensure adequate nutrients after flower bud differentiation. Mainly farm manure or rotten cake fertilizer, about 100 kg per mu, watering in time after application, and external topdressing if possible, such as spraying 0.2% Mel 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spraying Shibao or other micro-fertilizers.

The control of diseases and insect pests in summer is high temperature and humidity, and the damage of diseases and insect pests is more serious, mainly leaf diseases, feeding pests and root diseases. In the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, we should adhere to the principle of giving priority to prevention and combining prevention with prevention. The specific measures are:

1) spraying foliar protective agent. About two weeks after flowering, 0.5% lime Bordeaux solution was sprayed on the leaves to prevent bacteria from invading the leaves. The general efficacy can be maintained for about two weeks, with 2-3 consecutive sprays.

2) spraying fungicides. From July to August, choose thiophanate, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, trimethoprim and other fungicides for 3-4 times, usually once every 7-10 days.

3) killing insects. It can be combined with fungicides and insecticides such as pyrethroid insecticides and omethoate are added to the solution to control food pests.

4) prevent and cure root diseases. In recent years, serious harm of root rot and termites has been found. 2-4 holes were drilled in the soil around the root of peony, and aluminum phosphide and other chemicals were placed in the hole to kill diseases and insect pests.

Ploughing and weeding summer is the peak season for weeds. Weeds not only compete with peonies for water and fertilizer, but also lead to excessive depression in the field, decrease the ability of ventilation and light transmission, aggravate the harm of diseases and insect pests, weaken photosynthesis, and affect flower bud differentiation. In general, it is necessary to plough 5-6 times in summer to weed as soon as possible and keep the field free of weeds. Ploughing can not only remove weeds, but also preserve soil moisture and dissipate moisture. The well-drained peony orchard can also use the method of laying hay between rows to inhibit the growth of weeds and at the same time preserve soil moisture and cool down.

The plastic pruning peony is "one foot long and retreats seven inches". The dry and withered branches left on the upper part of the flower base after flowering are very long and should be cut off in time, and the injured branches, diseased branches and extra lateral branches on the trunk should also be cut off in time. The purpose is to maintain a balanced and appropriate amount of branches and beautiful and symmetrical plant shape, maintain the growth balance of the above ground and underground parts, ventilate and penetrate the light, concentrate nutrients to promote root growth, flower buds to enrich, bloom to flourish. The technical requirements for the pruning of lateral branches are higher, and reasonable pruning should be achieved, that is, overlapping, introverted and crossed branches should be cut off to make the plant type plump, ventilated and transparent, and the flower buds full. In addition, the excessively high terminal buds can be cut off by making use of the apical dominant characteristics, so that the lower buds can germinate and the plant cluster balance can be adjusted.