How to cultivate Pinellia ternata for high yield

It is difficult for us to know what it is when we listen to the name Banxia. In fact, it is a relatively common kind of traditional Chinese medicine. There are many kinds of traditional Chinese medicine in our country, and it is quite normal that we have not even heard of many kinds of traditional Chinese medicine. But for growers, if they want to develop in the ranks of planting traditional Chinese medicine, they must know more.

What is Pinellia ternata?

Pinellia ternata (scientific name: Pinellia ternata), also known as Diwen, Shoutian, etc., belongs to the order Araceae. It is widely distributed in the Yangtze River Basin, Northeast China, North China and other regions. The medicinal plant has the function of dryness and dampness and resolving phlegm, reducing adverse reaction and stopping vomiting, raw use to eliminate furuncle and swelling, and is used by veterinarians to treat throat lock. It is also distributed in Xizang, about 3000m above sea level.

Herbs perennial, 15-40 cm tall. The underground tuber is spherical or oblate, 0.5cm in diameter, with many fibrous roots at the base of the bud, and the bottom and the lower part of the tuber are yellowish and smooth. There are often several small tuberous lateral buds around some tubers planted year after year. Leaves basal with long stalks, annual or smaller bulbous leaves ovate-cordate or hastate-shaped, biennial or above 3 small compound leaves, leaflets elliptic to lanceolate, the middle one is larger, 5-15 cm long and 2-4 cm wide; apex pointed, base cuneate, entire smooth glabrous. There is an ovate globule on the medial side of the lower part of the petiole, and another small globule is occasionally seen at the lobular stage. Flowers unisexual, monoecious, fleshy inflorescences terminal, flame bracts green or green-purple, lower tubular not open, upper slightly open. Female flowers born at the base of inflorescences, male flowers on top of female flowers, berries green, ovoid, 1 seed, gray-green. The flowering period is from April to July and the fruiting period is from August to September.

How to cultivate Pinellia ternata for high yield

I. intercropping and interplanting to increase benefits

According to the biological characteristics of Pinellia ternata, the production should be developed according to local conditions. Pinellia ternata likes a warm, humid climate, can withstand cold and shade, but is not resistant to drought and is afraid of strong light. Taking advantage of this characteristic, Pinellia ternata can be interplanted in the gentle slope of half-shaded and half-sunny mountains, or in wheat fields or broad-leaved fruit forests, or intercropped with tall plants such as corn, rape, sorghum, beans and other tall plants, so that Pinellia ternata can be managed while managing crops or economic forest fruits, which not only makes rational use of the land, but also increases the comprehensive benefit.

Second, carefully cultivate improved varieties

Good seed is an important guarantee for planting Pinellia ternata to obtain high yield. So what are the conditions that determine the quality of good seeds? First of all, excellent individual plants with pure varieties, no diseases and insect pests and strong growth and development should be selected as seed collection mother plants. Secondly, the mother plant of seed collection should be bred alone, and the management of water and fertilizer should be strengthened. Thirdly, in order to prevent the varieties from being mixed, it is necessary to collect and store them separately. Finally, tubers with mature, full, large and heavy grains should be harvested in time for planting. The fine seed bulbs of Pinellia ternata were carefully selected and cultured in tissue by modern biological means, the rapid propagation system of superior seed clones of Pinellia ternata was established, and the varieties of Pinellia ternata with excellent characters were screened out, which can not only produce a large number of fine Pinellia ternata seedlings, but also shorten the growth period in the field. Combined with the propagation of bulbs and tubers, the propagation coefficient was improved.

3. Early raising seedlings with plastic film mulching in early spring

According to the experiment, under the condition of 20-25 ℃, when most of the coleoptiles were white, the seedlings were planted and covered with plastic film, which were 30 days earlier than those without plastic film mulching, and those without plastic film mulching were 25 days earlier. At the same time, the yield of budding mulch was 52.6% higher than that of the control, and the yield of non-budding mulch was 29.8% higher than that of the control. After the bud was accelerated and planted, the internal physiological changes of Pinellia ternata were completed ahead of time, and the ground temperature increased and reached the temperature needed for seedling emergence ahead of time, and the bud grew out of the ground quickly. In addition to preserving soil moisture and increasing temperature, budding mulch not only loosens the soil, but also has good air permeability, which is more conducive to the growth and development of root system, makes the plant resistant to drought and waterlogging, and always maintains exuberant absorption function and physiological function, which lays the foundation for the increase of Pinellia ternata tuber and high yield.

The plastic film used can be ordinary agricultural plastic film (thickness 0.014 mm) or high density film (thickness 0.008 mm). When covering the film, make the film flat and close to the ridge of the border, compacted with soil, so that it is tight, flat and strict. When the temperature is stable at 15: 18 ℃ and the emergence of seedlings is about 50%, the plastic film should be removed to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by high temperature in the film. The seedlings should be refined before removing the film. The method is to open the ventilation and heat dissipation from both ends of the bed at noon, seal it in the evening, and then remove it all after a few days in a row.

Fourth, the mulch covering on the border during the high temperature period postponed the seedling falling.

When the high temperature season gradually entered in late June, how to keep the border moist and delay the withering time of the aboveground part of Pinellia ternata as far as possible is an important measure to increase the yield of Pinellia ternata. According to the experiment, rice and wheat straw (chaff) were covered in the middle of May and June every year, and the seedling was only 5% in late July, growing well, while 78% in the control group. In this way, the mulching relatively prolonged the growth period, the photocooperation period was also relatively prolonged, the photosynthate accumulated more in the tuber, and the tuber grew larger and the yield was higher, which was 123.78% higher than that of the control. In addition, the number of weeds in the covered area was significantly lower than that in the uncovered control area, and the incidence of leaf rot decreased significantly, which was also an important reason for the yield increase of Pinellia ternata. If Rain Water is big, the rainy season is continuous, and the soil moisture is too much, not only can not cover the second time, but also the wheat straw covered by the first time should be removed in time to prevent the underground tuber from rotting and reducing the yield.

5. Weeding and weed control in mid-ploughing

The plant of Pinellia ternata is short, so it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed frequently during the growth period to avoid grass shortage. The depth of intertillage should not exceed 5 cm to avoid root injury. Because the root of Pinellia ternata grows around the tuber, and its root system is concentrated in the topsoil layer of 12cm to 15cm, the ploughing should be shallow rather than deep, except early, small and small. Planted in early spring of Pinellia ternata and covered with plastic film, at the same time of its emergence, more than 10 kinds of weeds were also unearthed, such as Equisetum equisetifolia, Euphorbia angustifolia, Euphorbia angustifolia, Amaranth, Amaranth, Gray vegetable, Portulaca oleracea and so on. it often causes seedling emergence and difficulties in growth and development after opening the film, affecting the yield of Pinellia ternata. Therefore, Acetochlor can be used to control pre-bud weeds of Pinellia ternata, and then covered with plastic film after spraying herbicide on the ground in early spring, which has a good control effect on many kinds of weeds (the specific usage and dosage is operated according to the drug instructions). In addition, in artificial cultivation of Pinellia ternata, different herbicides can be selected according to different seasons, the herbicide of spring sowing Pinellia ternata should be selected, and the herbicide of spring sowing and Acetochlor can be selected.

VI. Spraying fertilizer to promote high yield

The practice shows that spraying sodium sulfite solution during the period of high temperature and drought can increase the yield of Pinellia ternata. Because when the temperature of Pinellia ternata lasts as high as 30 ℃ in summer, the respiration of Pinellia ternata is too strong due to high temperature and strong light, which consumes more substances than that accumulated by photosynthesis, resulting in the destruction of cell protoplast structure and "seedling collapse". As far as Pinellia ternata production is concerned, "inverted seedling" shortens the growth period of Pinellia ternata and seriously affects the yield of Pinellia ternata. Therefore, taking measures to delay or reduce the "falling seedlings" of Pinellia ternata in summer is an important condition to realize the high yield and high quality of Pinellia ternata. In addition to adopting appropriate shading and sprinkler irrigation to reduce light intensity, air temperature and ground temperature, 0.01% solution of plant respiratory inhibitor sodium sulfite can also be sprayed, and a mixture of 0.01% sodium sulfite, 0.2% urea and 2% superphosphate can also be sprayed to inhibit respiration of Pinellia ternata and reduce the consumption of photosynthates, thus delaying and reducing "falling seedlings", which can significantly increase production.

VII. Implement GAP standard planting

According to the requirements of GAP, standardized management was carried out in the whole process of seeds, seedlings, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, water, soil, density, protection, management, industry and planting, processing, packaging, storage and transportation, limiting the contents of harmful elements and pesticide residues in Pinellia ternata, and using advanced planting and processing techniques to improve the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata.

What is the medicinal value of Pinellia ternata?

Pinellia ternata is also very effective in treating all aspects of human diseases, so it is also the best choice for disease treatment. Pinellia ternata is warm, tasty and toxic, and has the effects of dryness and dampness and resolving phlegm, relieving vomiting and relieving vomiting, dizziness of wind and phlegm, phlegm syncope, headache, vomiting, epigastric tightness and other diseases. External use can also eliminate carbuncle and swelling.

1. Pinellia ternata in the treatment of phlegm and cough

Pinellia ternata dry and functional phlegm, its phlegm, spleen does not change dampness, gathered into phlegm-based, for the treatment of damp phlegm, suitable for phlegm-dampness stagnation, cough and other diseases, often compatible with tangerine peel, Poria cocos, etc.; treatment of phlegm and cough, and often compatible with Fritillaria. Because of its warm nature, it can also be used to treat cold phlegm, which should be used with white mustard seed and ginger; because of its good expectorant power, it can also treat hot phlegm and wind phlegm, and hot phlegm can be compatible with Trichosanthes and Scutellaria baicalensis.

2. Pinellia ternata for the treatment of chest tightness, chest arthralgia, chest knots and other diseases.

Pinellia ternata has the function of Xin San Wen Tong, resolving phlegm, dryness and dampness, so it can be used for internal obstruction of phlegm and stuffy chest, and can be used with tangerine peel and Poria cocos. If cold and heat are intertwined, it can be used with Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis and dried ginger. In addition, it is often used for chest pain, with Trichosanthes and Allium macrostemon, and for the treatment of chest disease with Trichosanthes and Coptis chinensis.

3. Pinellia ternata for the treatment of gall tumor, swelling and pain of sores, plum kernel qi and other diseases.

Pinellia ternata can also resolve phlegm and disperse phlegm, which can be used to treat gall tumor caused by accumulation of phlegm-dampness, sputum nucleus, gangrene, swelling and pain, or plum kernel qi caused by phlegm-qi accumulation. The phlegm nucleus of the gall tumor can be used with seaweed, Huangdu and Fritillaria. Carbuncle without ulceration can be used raw Pinellia ternata with Nanxing equivalent research, vinegar external application, has the effect of detumescence. With the treatment of plum core gas, it can be used with Magnolia officinalis and perilla.

4. Pinellia ternata in the treatment of stomach qi reversal, nausea and vomiting

Pinellia ternata has a good anti-vomiting effect, can be used for a variety of vomiting symptoms, should be used according to different symptoms and different compatibility. Such as the treatment of stomach cold vomiting, can cooperate with ginger or patchouli, cloves and other products; treatment of stomach heat vomiting can cooperate with Coptis chinensis, bamboo ru and other drugs; treatment of pregnancy vomiting, can cooperate with Zaoxin soil and other products; treatment of stomach deficiency vomiting, can be used with ginseng, white honey.

Side effects of Pinellia ternata

The pharmacological study of modern traditional Chinese medicine shows that in the general clinical dose range, Pinellia ternata combined with Polygonum multiflorum, Polygonum multiflorum or aconite will not increase toxicity or decrease the curative effect, but we should be careful in clinical application to avoid adverse reactions. Pinellia ternata should pay attention to incompatibility taboos, so as to avoid adverse reactions, but also lead to the reduction of efficacy. Raw Pinellia ternata can be poisoned by taking a small amount by mistake, so raw Pinellia ternata is managed according to toxic traditional Chinese medicine and should be used after clinical processing. In addition, Pinellia ternata has strong irritation to local mucosa, nephrotoxicity, gestational embryotoxicity and teratogenicity. Improper consumption of Pinellia ternata will lead to poisoning, and pregnant mothers are not easy to eat, so as to avoid the occurrence of deformed children.

Pinellia ternata has many functions, and it has a very good therapeutic effect on many diseases of the human body. Traditional Chinese medicine culture in China has a history of thousands of years or even tens of thousands of years. Why has it not been eliminated by the development of society? This is the charm of traditional Chinese medicine.