How to cultivate and manage Asarum

Asarum, alias: Asarum, Herba Asari, Latin name: Asarum sieboldii Miq. Perennial herbs of Aristolochaceae and Asarum; rhizome erect or transverse, 2-3 mm in diameter, 1-2 cm long internodes, with multiple fibrous roots. Leaves usually 2, leaf blade cordate or ovate-cordate, apex acuminate or acute, base deeply cordate, apex rounded, leaf surface sparsely short hairy, densely on veins, leaf dorsal only veined hairy; stamens inserted in middle of ovary, filaments subequal to anthers or slightly longer, connective prominent, short conical; ovary semi-inferior or nearly superior, globose, shorter, stigma lateral. Fruit subglobose, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., brownish yellow. The florescence is from April to May.

Morphological characteristics of Asarum:

Asarum is a perennial plant with a height of 15-25 cm. Underground there are horizontal roots, many slender white roots, with a strong aroma and aroma. Some branches on the rhizome, there are 1-2 heart-shaped leaves on each branch, 4-12 cm long, 5-14 cm wide, 7-15 cm long, leaves clustered, dozens to hundreds of leaves per plant. Flowers solitary, drawn from between two petioles; perianth purplish red, broadly elliptic, revolute from base; capsule hemispherical, mature without dehiscence, ruptured after decay. Seeds ovate-conical, crustaceous, grayish brown glossy. The florescence is from April to May and the fruiting period is from June to July.

How to manage the cultivation of Asarum?

1. Soil selection and soil preparation Asarum likes loose and fertile soil, rich in organic matter, and the acidity and alkalinity is neutral or slightly acidic. Avoid strong light, afraid of drought, so the main producing areas of the northeast choose more under-forest cultivation, with old ginseng land or farmland planting must build a shed for shade. Under-forest cultivation is not strict on tree species, but broad-leaved forest is the best, followed by coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The slope is better to the east or west, and the slope had better be less than 10 degrees.

Soil preparation should be carried out in spring and summer, and early soil preparation is beneficial to soil ripening, good growth of Asarum and light disease. Before ploughing, remove her shrubs or overdense branches from the forest, keep the light transmittance of 50% Mur60% under the forest, plough the ground with a depth of 15-20 cm, remove stones and roots, and flatten the soil surface to form a high border with a width of 1-1.2 meters, a length of 10-20 meters and a height of about 20 centimeters, with a width of 50-100 centimeters, a thick soil layer and a thin soil layer, to ensure that there is enough soil on the border surface.

two。 The mode of reproduction mainly uses seeds to propagate, and it can also be propagated by roots.

(1) the method of seed propagation and seed treatment is to dig a shallow hole in the shade under the forest, about 15 cm deep, depending on the number of seeds, mix 1 part of the seed with more than 5 parts of sand into the pit, cover with about 5 cm of sand, and cover with leaves or straw. Often check, pay attention to heat preservation without stagnant water, after 45 days or so should sow in time to avoid germination.

Sowing methods: sowing, strip sowing, hole sowing can be done. Sowing can mix seeds with 10 times fine sand or soil and sow seeds about 30 grams per square meter on the border. Strip sowing on the border according to row spacing of 10 cm, sowing width of 4 cm, each row sowing about 130 grains. The row spacing of acupoints is 13 cm, the spacing of acupoints is 7 cm, and each hole is sown with 7-10 grains. After sowing, it is covered with humus or sifted fine soil, about 2.5 cm thick, and then covered with grass or leaves about 3 cm. Keep the soil moist.

Asarum can be direct seeded and grow in situ for 3-4 years. It can be used when there are plenty of seeds. At present, in order to make full use of seeds to expand the planting area, seedling raising and transplanting are mostly used in the producing areas. It is better to transplant 2-3-year seedlings in late autumn and early spring after shoot withering or before seedling germination. The planting method is to trench horizontally on the border where the basic fertilizer is applied, with a row spacing of 17-20 cm and a plant spacing of 7-10 cm. The seed root is arranged in the ditch and the root is stretched. The thickness of the covered soil is about 5 cm from the soil surface, and the grass or leaves are covered above. It can also be planted by digging holes with a spacing of 15 cm, with 7-10 holes per row.

(2) split root propagation and use the harvested plant, cut off the upper part of the rhizome 4-5 cm long, each cut must have 1-2 buds and retain the root strip, and then dig holes according to the plant spacing of 20 cm × 20 cm, and plant 2-3 segments of rhizome in each hole.

3. Field management

The main results are as follows: (1) watering herbicide Asarum has shallow root system and is not resistant to drought, especially in the seedling field, the seeds are small and the soil cover is shallow, so the soil moisture must be checked frequently and watered in time when the soil is dry to ensure that the seedlings are whole and strong. Attention should be paid to pulling weeds in time, and there should be no weeds in the border and ditch.

(2) adjust the light the temperature is low before May, Asarum seedlings require more light, but do not need shade. From June, the light should be controlled at 50%, 60%, 60%, the shade shed must be built for planting Asarum in the old ginseng land, and the boron or branches should be repaired according to the light requirements of Asarum.

(3) fertilizing and cultivating soil Asarum is a fertilizer-loving plant, which is planted in barren soil, and its growth is extremely slow if it is not fertilized. According to the experience of Liaoning, pigsty manure is the best basic fertilizer, followed by fumigated soil fertilizer (tiger manure), and calcium superphosphate is the best chemical fertilizer. In May and July every year, 1 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of clear water can be used to stir and dissolve, and then the supernatant is taken and irrigated to the border surface with a spray can, and 1 kg of calcium superphosphate is used every 20 m 2.

After the beginning of winter, 4000 kg of pig manure per mu was mixed with 40 kg of superphosphate to ferment together, and the fermented fertilizer and about 5 times of humus soil were mixed on the Asarum border, which not only played the role of fertilization in the coming year, but also protected the buds safely through the winter. Because Asarum rhizome grows upward one node every year, its upper bud is vulnerable to freezing injury if it is not protected.

(4) the perennial plants of removing buds blossom and bear fruit every year, which consumes a lot of nutrients and affects the yield, so they are all removed when the buds are extracted from the ground except for the remaining seed land.