Cultivation Techniques of Asarum in Field

Asarum, alias: Asarum, Herba Asari, Latin name: Asarum sieboldii Miq. Perennial herbs of Aristolochaceae and Asarum; rhizome erect or transverse, 2-3 mm in diameter, 1-2 cm long internodes, with multiple fibrous roots. Leaves usually 2, leaf blade cordate or ovate-cordate, apex acuminate or acute, base deeply cordate, apex rounded, leaf surface sparsely short hairy, densely on veins, leaf dorsal only veined hairy; stamens inserted in middle of ovary, filaments subequal to anthers or slightly longer, connective prominent, short conical; ovary semi-inferior or nearly superior, globose, shorter, stigma lateral. Fruit subglobose, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., brownish yellow. The florescence is from April to May.

Morphological characteristics of Asarum

Herbs perennial; rhizome erect or transverse, 2~3mm in diam., internodes long 1~2cm, with multiple fibrous roots. Leaves usually 2, leaf blade cordate or ovate-cordate, long 4~11cm, wide 4.5~13.5cm, apex acuminate or acute, base deeply cordate, bilateral lobes long 1.5~4cm, wide 2~5.5cm, apex rounded, leaf surface sparsely short hairy, densely on veins, dorsal leaf only hairy; petiole long 8~18cm, smooth glabrous; bud kidney rounded, ca. 13mm long and wide, margin sparsely pilose. Flowers purple-black; pedicel 2 × 4cm long; perianth tube campanulate, 1~1.5cm in diam., inner wall with sparse longitudinal ridge wrinkles; perianth lobes triangular-ovate, ca. 7mm, ca. 10mm wide, erect or subequal; stamens inserted in middle of ovary, filaments subequal or slightly longer, connective prominent, shortly conical; ovary semi-inferior or subogynous, globose, style shorter, apical bifid, stigma lateral. Fruit subglobose, ca. 1.5cm in diam., brownish yellow. The florescence is from April to May. The rhizome is irregularly cylindrical, short branched, 1~20cm long, 1mm 4mm in diameter; gray brown surface, annular nodes, internodes 1mm 10mm long; roots slender, dense nodes, long 5~20cm, about 1mm in diameter. The surface is grayish yellow, with slender roots; the roots are brittle, easy to break, and the cross section is flat, yellowish white or white. The breath is sweet and strong, the taste is pungent, the tongue is numb.

Field cultivation techniques of Asarum

1. Asarum is fond of loose and fertile soil, rich in organic matter, and its pH is neutral or slightly acidic. Avoid strong light, afraid of drought, so the main producing areas of the northeast choose more under-forest cultivation, with old ginseng land or farmland planting must build a shed for shade. Under-forest cultivation requires strict tree species, but broad-leaved forest is the best, followed by coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The east or west direction of the slope is better, and the slope had better be less than 10 degrees.

Soil preparation should be carried out in spring and summer, and early soil preparation is beneficial to soil ripening, good growth of Asarum and light disease. Remove small shrubs or overdense branches from the woodland before ploughing to keep the light transmittance under the forest at 50% and 60%. The ploughing depth is 15mur20 cm, the stones and roots are removed, and the soil surface is flattened to form a high border with a width of 1.2 m, a length of 10 mi 20 m and a height of about 20 cm. The width of the operating path is 50-100 cm. The operating path can be slightly narrower when the soil layer is thick, and the working path can be wider when the soil layer is thin, so as to ensure that the border has enough surface.

2. the mode of reproduction is mainly propagated by seeds, and it can also be propagated by separate roots.

1) the method of seed propagation and seed treatment is to dig a shallow hole in the shade under the forest, about 15 cm deep, depending on the number of seeds, mix the 1 value seed with more than 5 parts of sand and put it in the fire pit, cover with about 5 cm of sand, and then cover with leaves or straw. Often check, pay attention to heat preservation without stagnant water, after 45 days or so should sow in time to avoid germination.

Sowing methods: sowing, strip sowing, hole sowing can be done. Sowing seeds can be mixed with 10 times fine sand or soil and spread evenly on the border surface, sowing seed knife grams per square meter or so. Strip sowing on the border according to row spacing of 10 cm, sowing width of 4 cm, each row sowing about 130 grains. The row spacing of acupoints is 13 cm, and the spacing of acupoints is 7 cm. Each hole is sown with 7 Murray 10 tablets. After sowing, it is covered with humus or sifted fine soil, about 2.5 cm thick, and then covered with grass or leaves about 3 cm. Keep the soil moist.

Asarum can be broadcast directly and grow in situ for 3-4 years. It can be used when there are plenty of seeds. At present, in order to make full use of seeds to expand the planting area, seedling raising and transplanting are mostly used in the producing areas. It is better to transplant 2-3-year seedlings at the end of autumn and the beginning of spring after shoot withering or before seedling movement. The planting method is to trench horizontally on the border where the basic fertilizer is applied, with a row spacing of 17ml 20cm and a plant spacing of 7mi 10cm. The root is arranged in the ditch to stretch the root. The thickness of the covered soil is about 5cm from the surface of the soil, and the top cover is covered with grass or leaves. It can also be planted by digging holes with a spacing of 15 cm and planting 10 holes in each row.

2) split-root propagation and use the harvested plant, cut off the upper part of the rhizome 4mur5 cm long, each break must have 2 buds and retain the root strip, and then press 20 cm. The plant spacing of 20 cm is dug, and each hole is planted with 2 mi 3 segments of rhizome.

3. Field management

The main results are as follows: 1) watering herbicide Asarum has shallow root system and is not resistant to drought, especially in the seedling field, the seeds are small and the soil cover is shallow, so the soil moisture must be checked frequently and watered in time when the soil is dry to ensure that the seedlings are whole and strong. Attention should be paid to pulling weeds in time, and only ditches on the border should be free of weeds.

2) adjust the light the temperature is low before May, Asarum seedlings need more light, but do not need shade. Starting from June, the light should be controlled at 50%, 60%, 60%, the shade shed must be built for planting Asarum in the old ginseng land, and the canopy or branches should be repaired according to the light requirements of Asarum.

3) fertilization and soil cultivation Asarum is a fertilizer-loving plant, which is planted in barren soil, and its growth is extremely slow if it is not fertilized. According to the experience of Liaoning, pigsty manure is the best basic fertilizer, followed by fumigated soil fertilizer (tiger manure), and calcium superphosphate is the best chemical fertilizer. In May and July every year, the supernatant can be mixed and dissolved with 1 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of clear water, respectively, and the supernatant can be irrigated to the border surface with a spray can, and I kg of calcium superphosphate is used every 20 meters.

After the beginning of winter, 4000 kg of pig manure per mu was mixed with 40 kg of superphosphate to ferment together, and the fermented fertilizer and about 5 times of humus soil were mixed on the Asarum border, which not only played the role of fertilization in the coming year, but also protected the buds safely through the winter. Because the rhizome of Asarum grows upward one node every year, the bud on it is vulnerable to freezing injury if protected by wood.

4) removal of flower buds perennial plants blossom and bear fruit every year, which consumes a lot of nutrients and affects the yield, so they are all removed when the buds are extracted from the ground except for the remaining seed land.

4. Pest control

The main results are as follows: 1) there are few diseases to control Asarum diseases, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the most serious disease at present, which occurs from early spring to summer every year, causing damage to the whole plant. Prevention and control methods: strengthen field management, do not accumulate water in the border, do not harden, pay attention to ventilation, and adjust the light to 50%, 60%, 60% transmittance. It should be harvested or planted in a timely manner. 50% carbendazim 500-1000 times solution can be used for chemical control. It is found that the diseased plants should be removed thoroughly, sprinkle lime on the disease points or disinfect the soil with 5% formalin.

2) Pest control mainly includes ground tiger, black caterpillar, locust, Asarum butterfly and so on. Black caterpillar, locust and Asarum butterfly bite the leaves, and in serious cases, most of the leaves are eaten. The ground tiger is the most harmful, biting the buds and cutting off the petiole and rhizome. The ground tiger can be killed with bean cake or wheat bran mixed with trichlorfon as bait, or poisoned with poisonous soil. Other pests can be sprayed with 1 000 times of trichlorfon.