Cultivation and field management of Codonopsis pilosula

The traditional Chinese medicine Codonopsis pilosula is used as a root and is born on the edge of a forest or in bushes. Distributed in western Sichuan, Gansu, Shanxi, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shaanxi, Northeast and other places. Cultivation is available in most provinces and cities throughout the country. Taste sweet, sex is flat. How can Codonopsis pilosula be cultivated and managed in the field?

Morphological characteristics of Codonopsis pilosula

Perennial herbaceous vines. The whole plant is covered with white milk and has a special stench. The root is long cylindrical, less branched, fleshy, the surface is grayish yellow to brown, the upper part has fine rings, and the lower part is sparsely transversely long lenticels. The root head is dilated, with many nodular stem scars, commonly known as "lion pan head". The stem is slender and much branched, with fine white hairs on the young parts. Leaves alternate, opposite or pseudowhorled, leaf blade ovate or broadly ovate, base subcordate, both surfaces hairy, entire or shallowly undulate. Flowers solitary, axillary; calyx 5-lobed, green, Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, yellowish green with purple spots. Capsule conical; seeds numerous, small, elliptic, brown, glossy. The flowering period is from August to October and the fruiting period is from September to October.

Cultivation

1. Land selection and preparation. It is appropriate to choose semi-shady sloping land, sandy loam with loose and fertile soil, more humus and good drainage. Apply ring fertilizer 2000MUE / mu 3000 kg, diammonium phosphate 20MUE / Mel 30kg, calcium superphosphate 30MUE 50kg, then ploughing, raking fine and leveling to make a flat bed. The width is 3mm and the length is 5m depending on the terrain. Transplanting site is required to be shady. The hillside land is planted more than the border, and it can be leveled along the slope.

2. The method of reproduction. Propagate with seeds, often raise seedlings and transplant, and use less direct seeding.

(1) raising seedlings. Select the seeds of the same year to be sown before and after Bailu, the germination rate can reach 85%, and the seeds of the same year can be sown in the spring and summer of the second year, but the germination rate is low. The germination rate of aged seeds in the next year is less than 10%, which can not be used. Select fertile and shady plots on the nursery land, turn deeply, level and rake fine, and pour water through. Sprinkle seeds evenly on top, rake carefully with 3murmur5cm nail rake and cover with wheat straw to shade the sun. The seedbed should be sprayed frequently to keep the soil moist. Mu uses seed 2MUR 3kg. The seedling field of Codonopsis pilosula is not fertilized to prevent overgrowth. After the seedlings come out, remove the mulch, when the seedling height is about 6 cm, the appropriate seedlings, in case too dense affect the growth, pull the grass in time.

(2) transplanting. After the soil thaws in late autumn or spring, do not hurt the roots of the seedlings, remove the diseased and residual plants, and tie them into small handfuls. Autumn planting can improve the survival rate, in the whole ground according to the row spacing of 25 murmur30 cm, a depth of about 15 cm trench, and then according to the plant spacing of 10 cm along the ditch, covering 5 cm of soil. 50kg per mu with ginseng seedling 40m / m.

3. Field management

(1) ploughing, weeding and topdressing. For Codonopsis pilosula after seedling cultivation or transplanting, weeding was carried out for the first time when the seedling height was 10cm and when the seedling height was 15mm and 18cm, the second weeding was carried out combined with topdressing. Codonopsis pilosula growth period should not be excessive water, when the drought is serious, appropriate watering, topdressing urea or phosphate fertilizer 10mur15kg / mu.

(2) erection and seed collection. When the seedlings of Codonopsis pilosula are 30 cm high, bamboo poles or branches are inserted into the rows to make the stem vines wind around them. Where the stem vines are too thick, they can be thinned properly to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. When the fruit changes from green to yellow and the seeds inside become yellowish brown, cut off the stems and dry them, shake out the seeds, remove impurities, store them in a cloth bag and place them in a dry and ventilated place for use. If you do not collect seeds, you can not set up a frame, and cut off the stems and vines at any time when they are more than 30cm, so as to facilitate the growth of ginseng roots.

4. Pest control

(1) rust. It is easy to get sick in rainy and humid season. Control method: after the seedlings of Codonopsis pilosula withered, clear the garden in time and burn the diseased and withered leaves. At the initial stage of the disease, the patients were sprayed with 600-fold solution of Dysen zinc 500-Mel, or 800-fold solution of triadimefon.

(2) root rot. The disease is easy to occur in low temperature and rainy season. Prevention and treatment: pay attention to drainage. At the initial stage of the disease, the roots were irrigated with 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder.

(3) Underground pests. There are mainly grubs, ground tigers, golden needles and so on, causing damage to the roots. 3911 and phoxim can be used for erbium trapping. The method is: 3911 or phoxim 0.50kg per mu, 5kg of water, mix in 10Mel 20kg of oil dregs, sprinkle before ploughing, sprinkle with you, in case the efficacy is reduced.