How to cultivate Rhizoma Polygonatum for high yield

In fact, in our farming industry, we are most concerned about the problem is how to improve its survival rate, how to obtain high yield and so on. In fact, in the final analysis, how to reduce costs to obtain the maximum profit space, this is every planting friend is more concerned about the problem.

What is polygonatum

Polygonatum sibiricum (scientific name: Polygonatumsibiricum), also known as: chicken head polygonatum, yellow chicken dish, pen tube dish, claw ginseng, tiger ginger, chicken claw ginseng. For polygonatum plants, rhizomes transverse walk, cylindrical, nodular expansion. The wheel is raw and has no handle. Medicinal plants, with spleen tonic, lungs Shengjin role.

Polygonatum for perennial herbs, rhizomes horizontal walk, fleshy, pale yellow, apex sometimes prominent like chicken head shape, stem erect, high 50-90 cm. Impellers, 4-6 per whorl, linear-lanceolate, 8-15 cm long, 04-1.6 cm wide, apex curled. Flowers axillary, often 2-4 florets, pendulous, total pedicel 1-2 cm long; perianth tubular, white to pale yellow, 0.9-1.2 cm long, apex 6-lobed, stamens 6, filaments shorter, 0.5-1 mm long, style 1.5-2 times longer than ovary, berry globose, black when mature. Flowering may-June, fruiting 7-September.

1. The main characteristics of Polygonatum multiflorum are: stem height 40-100 cm, leaves alternate, elliptic, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 3-5 veins. Pedicel bearing 2-7(-14) flowers arranged in umbrella-shape on total pedicel; perianth yellow-green, 1.8-2.5 cm long; filaments papillose or puberulent, apex inflated to cystic process.

2. The main characteristics of Polygonatum yunnanense are: stem height 1-3 meters, tip often twining, impeller, 4-8 per wheel, leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 6-20 cm long, 0.3-3 cm wide, apex acuminate and climbing. Pedicel bearing 2-3 flowers, not umbellate; perianth pink, 1.8-2.5 cm long, berry red when ripe.

Cultivation Techniques of Polygonatum sibiricum

1. Selection of land: select sandy loam or clay loam with deep and fertile soil layer, open area under forest with shade conditions and drainage conditions, but sufficient upper light transmittance or plots with artificial shade conditions for cultivation. When planting in farmland, the best crop choice is rice, green manure or fallow plot. If it is intercropped with asparagus and corn, it is best to use rice and rape as the previous crop.

2. Base fertilizer: apply fully decomposed manure before transplanting, apply organic fertilizer according to 3000 kg/mu combined with soil preparation, and add 20 kg of calcium superphosphate.

3. Soil preparation: after the end of autumn, deep ploughing shall be carried out in time, and then raking shall be carried out to make a ridge with a width of 1.2 meters and a height of 0.25~0.30 meters, and the width of the ridge shall be 0.5 meters. At the same time, in the plot around the channel, used for drainage and flood prevention.

4. Transplanting: Transplanting in early March in spring or late October in autumn. Dig holes 10 - 15cm deep on the adjusted plot, loosen and level the bottom of the holes, apply 1kg soil fertilizer, plant one polygonatum seedling in each hole, cover the soil and compact, drench the fixed root water, cover the soil flush with the ridge surface, and water once after transplanting for one week.

5、. Polygonatum seedling quality: select 1-2 years of healthy, disease-free plants, in the harvest when digging out the young part of the rhizome selected tip, cut into several sections, each section must have 2-3 nodes. After the incision is slightly dried and the pulp is collected, immediately plant and select the rhizome section with terminal bud as the seed planting standard, cut the seed rhizome into 2 sections, and the length of the seed rhizome is 8~ 10 cm, and 10 cm is the best.

6. Planting density: The most suitable row and plant spacing of Polygonatum sibiricum is 27 cm x 13cm and 27 cm x 10 cm.

Field Management of Polygonatum sibiricum

I. Intertillage and weeding

The early growth stage is seedling stage, weeds grow relatively fast, and it is rainy season in Tongren City, so the soil is easy to harden. It is necessary to carry out intertillage and weeding in time, which is required to be carried out once in April, June, July, August and November every year. The specific weeding time can be selected according to circumstances. When weeding and loosening soil frequently, pay attention to shallow rather than deep to avoid damaging roots. During the growth process, soil should be cultivated frequently. The mud in the furrow can be cultivated around the roots of Polygonatum sibiricum. While accelerating the decay of organic fertilizer, it can also prevent the roots from blowing or seeing light.

II. Regular fertilization

Topdressing: soil fertilizer or human (animal) feces and urine 1500 kg/mu, or compound fertilizer 45~60 kg/mu. Fertilization should be combined with intertillage and weeding. Polygonatum sibiricum needs more fertilizer in the early stage of growth. In April, May, June and July, it is necessary to ensure that Polygonatum sibiricum has enough nutrients in the vegetative growth stage. According to the growth situation, the amount of human excrement and urine applied per mu can be controlled between 1000 kg and 2000 kg. Winter fertilizer is applied heavily in November, 1000 kg ~1500 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer is applied per mu, and after being mixed evenly with 50 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of cake fertilizer, the fertilizer is applied in small furrows between rows or plants in low temperature and cloudy weather, preferably before rain, and then the soil is cultivated and covered immediately.

III. Shade

In late March, Polygonatum sibiricum will emerge, and shade shed should be set up under the condition of no shade. The shade shed is 2m high and ventilated around. By the middle of October, the "autumn tiger" will basically disappear, and the shade shed should be removed. The effect of intercropping Polygonatum sibiricum under forest was better than shading net, artificial shading was also possible, and the best transmittance was adjusted to 30%.

IV. Trimming and topping

The flowering period of Polygonatum sibiricum is from early May to middle July, and the fruit period begins to bear fruit from late May to early June. Many umbels and fruits are axillary on the stem nodes, and the fruit begins to mature in November. The long reproductive growth stage causes a lot of nutrition consumption. Therefore, Polygonatum sibiricum, which takes underground rhizomes as the harvest target, should be removed in time at the early stage of flower bud formation to promote the blocking of nutrient accumulation to reproductive organs, so as to make nutrients accumulate to underground rhizomes. Usually in early May, the buds can be cut off.

5. Rational irrigation

After transplanting, it is necessary to irrigate enough root water (if it is best to transplant after light rain, it may not be watered or watered less) to keep the soil moist for survival. In addition, into the rainy season to clear the ditch drainage preparation in advance, to avoid ponding caused by polygonatum rotten stem.

Pest control of Polygonatum sibiricum

I. Disease control

1. The disease occurrence rule of Polygonatum sibiricum is mainly leaf spot disease, which starts from April to May. It occurs mostly in summer and autumn, and the incidence is more serious in rainy season. The pathogen is a semi-known fungus in fungi. Affected leaves, first appeared from the leaf tip oval or irregular, brown outer edge, pale white in the middle of the disease spots, spread downward from the disease spots, so that the leaves withered and died.

2. Disease control methods

① Clean the fields after harvest, burn the dead branches and dead bodies in a centralized manner, and eliminate the overwintering pathogens.

(2) Spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 50% Tuijunte 1000 times solution every 7~10 days for 3~4 times, or spray 65% Zineb WP 500~600 times solution every 7~10 days for 2~3 times.

II. Pest control

1. The rules of pest occurrence. The pests in the young seedling stage of Polygonatum sibiricum are mainly ground tiger and white grubs. They mainly bite the young rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum, break the rhizome and hurt the seedlings. Their destructiveness cannot be underestimated. From the middle of May to July, Polygonatum sibiricum is in the initial stage of reproductive growth. The flower organs and young fruits of Polygonatum sibiricum will be damaged by planthopper, which can lead to the reduction of seed setting rate, especially in the forest.

2. Pest control methods

① 2~2.5 kg of 2.5% trichlorfon powder per mu, 75 kg of fine soil and mixed well, then ditched and spread along the rows of Polygonatum sibiricum to control white grubs.

2. The cutworm can be controlled by the same method as above, but the dosage is increased by 2~2.5 kg and the fine soil is 20 kg.

③ Trichlorfon can be mixed into the bait, and a small pile of traps can be thrown every 1 meter in the field in the evening.

Through the introduction of the above small series, I think everyone has a general understanding of the cultivation of Polygonatum sibiricum. In fact, the small editor said that these are also the principles of armchair theory, or the growers should go to the actual operation in the process of cultivation. And in the process of cultivation will certainly encounter a lot of strange problems, which requires the grower to summarize and study.