Standardized cultivation techniques of Salvia miltiorrhiza

Salvia miltiorrhiza, the name of traditional Chinese medicine. Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Dried roots and rhizomes. Mining in spring and autumn to remove sediment and dry. It is distributed in most parts of the country. It has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, dredging menstruation and relieving pain, clearing heart and removing annoyance, cooling blood and eliminating carbuncle. For chest arthralgia, epigastric hypochondriac pain, pain accumulation, heat arthralgia, restlessness, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, sores and swelling pain.

Physiological characteristics

Herbs perennial, 30-80 cm tall. The root is slender, cylindrical and scarlet. Stem quadrangular, upper part branched. Leaves opposite; odd-pinnately compound, leaflets 3-5. The apical leaflet is larger than the lateral leaf, and the leaflet is oval. Verticillum necklace and axillary, flowers lip-shaped, blue-purple, upper lip erect, lower lip shorter than upper lip. Nutlets oblong, dark brown or black when ripe. The flowering period is from May to October and the fruiting period is from June to November.

Growing environment

Born in Xiangyang hillside grass, ditch edge, roadside or forest edge and other places. It is distributed in most parts of the country.

Cultivation techniques

1. Land selection, soil preparation and fertilization. Artificial cultivation of Sophora flavescens should choose deep soil layer, good drainage, loose and fertile loam, sandy loam or humus loam as bed. 2000 kg of farm manure is applied per mu. The use of large ridge high bed technology, bed width 130-140 cm, length depending on the need, bed height 10-12 cm, bed spacing 30 cm.

two。 Reproductive technology. (1) seed propagation. From July to September, when the pods of Sophora flavescens turn dark brown, harvest them for drying, threshing and winnowing, and set aside in a dry place. The seeds should be treated before sowing. Methods: the seeds were soaked in 40 ℃-50 ℃ warm water for 10-12 hours, then drained slightly before sowing, or sown by wet sand stratification (seeds and wet sand mixed with 1 ∶ 3) for 20-30 days. In addition, the germination rate of seeds can also be increased by treating with 95% Mak 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 60 minutes. In the middle and last ten days of April, on the high border, a hole with a depth of 2-3 cm was opened according to the row spacing of 50-60 cm and the plant spacing of 30-40 cm. 4-5 treated seeds were sown in each hole and covered with fine soil mixed with plant ash to keep the soil moist and seedlings emerged in 15-20 days. The seedling height is 5-10 cm, and there are 2 strong seedlings in each hole. It can also be raised and transplanted. (2) split root propagation. Seeds can be sown in both spring and autumn. Autumn planting is carried out after defoliation, and spring sowing in late April, when the underground ground temperature of 5 cm is stable to more than 15 ℃. Select 15-20 cm Sophora flavescens roots, each must have 2-3 roots and buds, according to the row spacing of 30 cm, groove depth of 10 cm, flat cover soil compaction, watered.

3. Field management. (1) weeding by ploughing. Weeding and soil cultivation should be carried out at the seedling stage to keep the field free of weeds and the soil loose and moist, so as to facilitate the growth of Sophora flavescens. (2) topdressing. On the basis of sufficient basal fertilizer, topdressing was applied twice a year, the first time when the seedling height was 15 cm in the middle and late May, and the second time in the first and middle August, the seedling height was 50-70 cm, and topdressing was applied timely and appropriately according to the plant growth. (3) drainage and irrigation. Pay attention to keep the soil moist, timely watering in drought, and trench drainage in the rainy season to avoid stagnant water and rotten roots. (4) picking flowers. In addition to keeping the seed land, the flower bolts should be cut off in time so as not to consume nutrients.