For the high-yield cultivation techniques of Salvia miltiorrhiza, it is recommended to propagate by root segment, and the yield is higher.

Soil preparation and fertilization: it is appropriate to select land with good drainage and irrigation, ph value near neutral, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline, with 1.5-20,000 kg of ring fertilizer or soil and miscellaneous fertilizer per mu. Propagation: there are seed, cuttage, ramet, root segment and other propagation methods, root section mode has higher yield. Field management: mainly do a good job of squatting seedlings, drainage and irrigation, fertilization and bud picking. Harvest processing: generally harvest between Frosts Descent and the Beginning of Winter or before sprouting in spring, dig out the roots and dry the soil.

Salvia miltiorrhiza is still familiar to everyone, and should be eaten by many people in life. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which has a very good conditioning effect on many diseases of the human body. Salvia miltiorrhiza has many effects and effects. Many medicines contain the ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza, so its market demand is very large, and many growers have begun to enter the planting industry of Salvia miltiorrhiza and master the planting technology of Salvia miltiorrhiza. It is the key to ensure high yield and high yield in the later stage, so let's take a look at the high-yield cultivation techniques of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

High-yield cultivation techniques of Salvia miltiorrhiza

1. Soil preparation and fertilization

Try to choose good drainage and irrigation, ph value close to neutral, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline land for planting, applying circle fertilizer or soil fertilizer 1.5-20000 kg per mu, pounding fertilizer fine and then sprinkling it on the ground, deep ploughing 30-40cm, rake fine to level, do 90cm wide flat border, border width about 24cm, when sowing, if the soil is relatively dry, you should first irrigate the border, wait until the water seeps down before you start planting.

2. Methods of reproduction

The common propagation methods are seed, cuttage, ramet and root segment. Generally, the yield of root propagation is higher, while the production is mainly based on root seedling transplanting and ramet propagation.

Seed breeding: after the seeds are mature from July to August every year, the seeds are collected in batches and sown in time. In the finished border, according to the row spacing of 12-15cm, open the shallow trench about 1.5cm, then spread the seeds evenly in the ditch with sand, finally cover the soil flat, and add a little filling pressure. If the soil is warm and moist, seedlings can generally emerge 10-15 days after sowing. Generally use seeds of 1-1.5kg per mu. When the seedlings grow to 9-12cm high, they should be transplanted to the field. When the seedlings are raised, they should be separated from one row to another, and the seedlings left behind should be fixed according to the plant spacing of 9-12cm. According to the row spacing of 24-30cm and the plant spacing of 9-12cm, dig deep holes in the left and right sides of 9cm and plant about 2-3 plants per hole. Watering after planting and soil compaction after water infiltration can improve the survival rate, or direct seeding can be used every year from July to August, ditching according to row spacing of 24-30cm, which is basically the same as seed seedling cultivation. About 1-1.5 kg of seeds per mu, if sown in the same year, as long as watering and fertilization and other management measures are timely, the whole process grows well, generally by the end of the second year, the yield per mu can reach about 250 kg.

Ramet: when Salvia miltiorrhiza is harvested in early spring or late autumn, its root is cut off for medicinal use. According to the natural growth, the large Reed head can be divided into 3-4 plants, the small one can be divided into 1-2 plants or not, and the upper part of the root is generally left with about 3-6cm (the stalk must be cut off in autumn). Finally, the divided Reed head was planted in the same depth as the original field by digging holes in the finished border land according to the row spacing 24cm and plant spacing 21cm. Water should be watered immediately after planting, and the soil should be compacted after the water seeps down. Planted in late autumn, new buds could not sprout years ago. Covering each pier with 6-9cm thick soil can not only prevent drought and preserve soil moisture, but also prevent people and animals from trampling on the buds. After the ramet is planted in early spring, it is also necessary to cultivate the soil and press it and water it in time to survive.

Root propagation: when harvesting Salvia miltiorrhiza in early spring, that is, before and after the stinging and solar terms, choose the sunny shelter, dig deep 30cm, wide 130cm, indefinite east-west border to the seedling pond. The bottom of the pool is covered with a layer of mule horse dung or wheat straw as brewing heat, about 6-7cm thick, and then covered with a layer of sand or furnace ash, soil fertilizer or circle fertilizer and soil mixed nursery soil, thick 10~15cm. Use adobe or brick around the nursery pond to build a low wall high in the north and low in the south. Before and after the stinging solar terms, the new roots with strong and bright red color and 0.5-1cm thick and disease-free were selected. The upper and middle segments of the roots are better, sorted into fertilizer, and then cut into 6-7cm long root segments. In the conditional area, the lower end of the root can be soaked in 50ppmABT rooting agent solution for 2 hours, then vertically or slightly tilted into the seedling pond, the plant spacing is 1.5-2.5cm, and the upper and lower ends of the root can not be inverted. After root propagation, the old mother root can be planted in the field according to the method of transplanting in the field.

After cutting, cover with 1cm thick soil and gently pat flat. Then spray the surface of the pool with warm water of 30 degrees to 40 degrees, pour it thoroughly at once, and then cover it tightly with plastic film. Straw or bamboo poles can be mounted on the pool wall to prevent plastic sheeting from staying. In order to prevent low temperature or cold current at night, straw curtains can be covered so that they can be uncovered in the morning and covered at night. The nursery pond should keep the land warm and moist, and watering should be carried out at noon when it is warm and sunny. It is best to pour warm water and cover the plastic film in time after watering. If the temperature in the seedling pond is kept at 20-25 degrees, the seedlings can germinate and emerge in about 20 days, and new leaves will appear in 30 days. If the temperature in the pool is more than 30 ℃, it should be ventilated in time (usually uncover the film on both sides). Wait for the seedling height 2-3cm, and then choose a warm sunny noon, open the film to dry the seedlings. The cold areas in the north still need to be covered with plastic film at night, but not in the south. Seedling height 6-9cm can be transplanted. Transplanting time is often before and after Grain Rain solar terms, generally the whole seedling period is 40-50 days.

Root section live broadcast in the field: choose 0.5-1cm rough bright red roots, direct broadcast in the case of good soil moisture in the field, to ensure that the top of the roots upward, can germinate early, increase yield, general plant line 20*25cm, 35-50kg fresh roots per mu, planting by hand, do not knife.

3. Field management

Squatting seedlings: after salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings turn green, they need to often loosen the soil and hoe shallowly, generally without watering to make the new roots grow downward and produce fewer fine lateral roots and fibrous roots, so as to improve the quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Drainage and irrigation: after transplanting Salvia miltiorrhiza to slow seedling, the border should be kept moist to ensure the survival rate. Generally, no watering should be done after survival. If the plot of ramet root propagation is harvested in spring, it should be watered with frozen water. In the rainy season, it must be drained in time to prevent rotting roots, and appropriate watering should be done after topdressing.

Fertilization: generally before the beginning of the rainy season, you can combine with mid-tillage, 30 kg of urea and 15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, or 20 kg of diammonium phosphate. The root propagation of Salvia miltiorrhiza should re-apply base fertilizer to promote high yield and harvest in the later stage.

Pick buds: in addition to leaving seeds, pick buds in time from June to July every year.

4. Harvest and processing

It can only be harvested in 2-3 years by seed propagation, but it can be harvested in 1 to 2 years by ramet. As long as the whole planting process is managed properly, it can be harvested in 1 year. Root seedlings can be harvested after transplanting in one year, usually between Frosts Descent and the Beginning of Winter or before spring germination. Plane deeply at one end of the bed to prevent it from breaking. After ploughing out the roots, wash the soil and dry it (to prevent rain or washing) to clean the fibrous roots and soil, which can be used as medicine. Every 3 kilograms of fresh root of Salvia miltiorrhiza can be processed 1 kilogram of dry goods, generally thick, purple-red, non-fibrous root, less impurities are better, the dry products of Salvia miltiorrhiza per mu are generally 400-500 kilograms.

Mastering the scientific and high-yield cultivation techniques of Salvia miltiorrhiza can not only effectively improve the efficiency of work, but also improve the planting yield of Salvia miltiorrhiza and obtain greater income in the later stage.