Standardized planting management techniques of carrots

Carrot (carrot), alias carrot, clove radish, gourd gold, also known as carrot, red vegetable head, yellow radish, etc., is an umbrella-shaped biennial herb with fleshy roots as vegetables to eat. Carrots contain 1.67-12.1 mg carotene per 100 grams of fresh weight, which is 5-7 times higher than that of tomatoes. After eating, carrots are digested and decomposed into vitamin A, which can prevent night blindness and respiratory diseases. Can be fried, cooked, eaten raw, pickled, pickled, etc., resistant to storage. It is distributed all over the world, and it is cultivated in both the south and north of China, and its output accounts for the second place in root vegetables. Anti-cancer, known as underground "little ginseng".

Distribution situation

Carrots originated in western Asia, Afghanistan is the earliest cultivation of purple carrots, the cultivation history is more than 2000 years. It was introduced to the European continent through Iran in the 10th century and evolved into a short conical orange. It was cultivated in England in the 15th century and introduced into the United States in the 16th century. When carrots were introduced into China through Iran in the 12th century, carrots were introduced from China in the 16th century, and carrots and yellow carrots were introduced into China in the 16th century. Carrots are called yellow radishes and ginseng in Japan. China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous region Wulanchabu City Cr right-wing Middle Banner Wusutu Township, the main production of carrots "grassland ginseng".

Standardized planting management techniques of carrots

First, cultivate the mother root

1. Selection of seedling site: choose sandy loam with soil depth of more than 80 cm, high soil porosity, good permeability, convenient drainage and irrigation, pH 6.5 as seedling site.

two。 Soil preparation and application of basic fertilizer: combined with deep ploughing in spring, 4 000-5000kg per mu of rotten organic fertilizer and borax 4kg were applied to prevent brown spot. Five days before sowing, the border was made with a width of 1.8 meters, a height of 10 meters and a small trench of 30 centimeters, requiring that the surface of the border be fine, loose and soft.

3. Sowing seedling: (1) Seedling site specification: carrot propagation, ♂: ♀ is generally 2:6, when raising seedlings, the same principle is also used when raising seedlings, the plot area ratio is 2:6, ♂ and ♀ are strictly separated, ridges are added in the middle, and ditches are watered to prevent the mixing of ♂ and ♀. (2) sowing: in the middle of June, the seedbed was leveled and compacted, and then the seeds were evenly sown on the seedbed with a nutrient prescription of 6 × 6 cm or 7 × 7 cm. 3 seeds in each hole were compacted with small wood, and the fine river sand of 0.5 × 0.8 cm was evenly covered with it.

4. Buckle shading net shading: in order to maintain soil temperature, the seedbed should be covered with a black shading net with a shading rate of 60% immediately after sowing. The specific method is to plant a solid column every 3 meters around the seedling bed, connect securely with wire and rope 80 centimeters above the ground, and then prop up the sunshade net and fix it on the wire or rope.

5. Post-sowing irrigation: after sowing, due to the high external temperature, the seedling bed should be watered immediately, and then watered every 4 days, and the seedlings can be unearthed.

6. Seedling management: (1) weeding by interseedling and intermediate ploughing: when the seedlings grow to 1 murine 2 true leaves, the seedlings are interspersed for the first time, and then the inferior seedlings and diseased plants are removed twice, and weeds are removed in time during the growth period to promote the growth of carrots. (2) rational irrigation: after sowing and emergence, the seedling bed can be watered once every 10 days, and when the seedling grows to 10 cm high, it should be watered once every 20 days. In the peak growth period of carrot leaves, moisture should be properly controlled, middle ploughing and squatting seedlings should be carried out. When the mother root is hypertrophic, it should be irrigated sufficiently in time to prevent the bifurcation and roughness of the mother root.

Second, storage overwintering

1. Mining and cutting: from late October to early November, as the carrot leaves turn yellow, dig in time, irrigation for 15 days before digging, reduce the resistance during excavation and reduce root damage, manual excavation, light digging and heavy shaking, to prevent root digging. The carrots dug up are stacked neatly. Cut off the leaves along the root, leaving the top of the leaves 3 cm, not by hand, so as not to damage the growing point. After cutting, hollow root, multi-headed root, cracked root, mechanically damaged root and diseased root are eliminated and ready to enter the cellar.

two。 To spend the winter in the cellar: cover the bottom of the cellar with a layer of clean river sand 10 cm thick, cut and select the carrot root head outward, 5 cm away from the pit wall, and put the tails neatly into the cellar, 6080 cm high, filled with clean wet river sand, covered with 10 cm thick, and then covered with 10 cm of soil to prevent heat and cold. The temperature in the cellar and the humidity of the river sand should be checked regularly in winter to prevent cellar damage and freezing.

III. Maternal root colonization

After safe overwintering, the mother root can be directly taken out and planted in the first ten days of April of the following year, not in advance to prevent water loss.

1. Isolation setting: carrots are cross-pollinated crops, and the pollination media are insects and wind. when producing, we must pay attention to the isolation between different varieties, and the isolation area between varieties should be 2000 meters away.

two。 Selection of deep ploughing, soil preparation and fertilization: planting should choose wheat stubble or summer stubble with flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, loose soil, high content of organic matter, good soil moisture and good permeability. After deep ploughing and ripening, organic fertilizer 4 000-5000kg, phosphate diamine 50kg per mu were applied in autumn, and then raked.

3. Soil treatment. Ridging and plastic film mulching: at the beginning of April of the second year, 40% methyl isosinophos powder mixed with fine sand was sprinkled on the ground for soil insecticidal treatment, and then ridged according to ♂: ♀ 2:6, ridge height 10 ♂ 15 cm, that is, a row of ♀, leveling the ridge, covering with 70 cm plastic film, 50 cm film surface, 1 cm interval (some varieties are relatively short, 80 cm between ridging and ♀ ridge), and then 3 rows of ♀ row The ridge surface is 40 cm, the ridge surface is smooth and smooth, and then covered with film.

4. Treatment of mother root during colonization: before planting, the mother root must be taken out, mixed with methyl topiramate or carbendazim, soaked in 10murine for 15 minutes, then soaked with methyl isosinophos for 10 minutes, and then can be planted.

IV. Field management after planting

1. Timely irrigation: after the mother root is planted, timely irrigation can help slow down the seedlings. During the whole growth period, the field capacity should be maintained at more than 70% and 80%, in case of drought and water shortage, and the mother root dies.

two。 There are many weeds in the carrot field: there are many weeds in the carrot field. After planting, it should be combined with each watering and weeding in time to promote the growth of the mother root to facilitate bolting. After pulling out the weeds that break the film, the film hole should be pressed strictly with wet soil. After bolting, the plants and diseased plants with obviously inconsistent leaf color were removed.

3. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: every time after planting, irrigation is combined with 39110.5kg to prevent insects, and serious ones can be irrigated. If black blight or black spot occurs during the growing period, carbendazim is used to control black blight or black spot, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is sprayed. Insecticides must not be sprayed in full bloom to prevent insects from being killed and affect pollination.

4. High temperature season soil pressure film: in mid-June to early July, with 1 cm thick of fine soil, all the film surface pressure, reduce direct sunlight, reduce the temperature inside the film.

5. Set up scaffolds: the carrot plants are tall. in order to strictly prevent the ♂♀ from lodging and mixing with each other, a solid scaffold should be set up to lift the ♀ and keep it growing independently.

6. Clear miscellaneous in the field: ♂ is fertile plant and ♀ is male sterile plant when carrot is propagated. Check ♀ disk strictly during flowering. If there are loose powder plants, they should be cleaned thoroughly to prevent mixed seeds.

5. Harvest

After pollination, ♂ was removed in time from July 25 to August 1. In August, cut out the disk with dew that obviously reached well-done every morning, take it back to the sun and rub it in time, dry it in the sun, pick it clean, and put it into the warehouse. When harvesting, pay attention to the late fruiting secondary and tertiary branches on the small disk seeds, most of them are small and not full, can not be mixed with the seeds harvested in the early stage, so as not to reduce the quality.