How to cultivate carrots for high yield in spring

Carrot (carrot), alias carrot, clove radish, gourd gold, also known as carrot, red vegetable head, yellow radish, etc., is an umbrella-shaped biennial herb with fleshy roots as vegetables to eat. Carrots contain 1.67-12.1 mg carotene per 100 grams of fresh weight, which is 5-7 times higher than that of tomatoes. After eating, carrots are digested and decomposed into vitamin A, which can prevent night blindness and respiratory diseases. Can be fried, cooked, eaten raw, pickled, pickled, etc., resistant to storage. It is distributed all over the world, and it is cultivated in both the south and north of China, and its output accounts for the second place in root vegetables. Anti-cancer, known as underground "little ginseng".

Introduction of spring sowing carrots:

1. Hongxin No. 4. The growth of the aboveground part of the hybrid is prosperous, the leaf color is thick green, the growth period is 100 to 105 days, the winter is strong, and it is not easy to bolt. the fleshy root tail is obtuse and round, the appearance is smooth, the skin, flesh and heart are bright red, and the cambium is not obvious; the fleshy root is 18-20cm in length, 5cm in diameter and 200220g in single root mass; low temperature tolerance, rapid expansion at low temperature, strong stress resistance, 667m2 yield of about 4000 kg. Spring sowing in North China is generally carried out from late March to early April, greenhouse protected areas can be carried out from late February to early and mid-March, and spring sowing in other areas can be sown according to the local temperature.

2. Hongxin No. 5. The hybrid has strong bolting resistance, the growth period is 100 to 105 days, the fleshy root is smooth and tidy, the tail is obtusely round, the skin, flesh and heart are bright red, and the heart column is thin; the fleshy root is 20cm long, the root is 5 cm thick, the single root mass is about 220g, 667m2 produces 4000-4500 kg; carotene content is 2-3 times that of Xinhetian, and carotene contains 110mg-120mg carrot per kilogram. High dry matter content, good taste, suitable for fresh food, dehydration and juicing and other processing. The sowing date is about the same as that of Hongxin 4.

3. Hongxin No. 6. Hybrid, the aboveground part is strong but not flourishing, the leaf color is thick green; the growth period is 105 to 110days, and the bolting resistance is extremely strong, which is suitable for spring open sowing in most parts of China or overwintering cultivation in the southern region; the fleshy root is smooth and neat, columnar; the skin, flesh and heart are bright red, the heart column is thin, and the taste is good; the fleshy root is 22cm long, 4cm thick and 200g per root; the yield of 667m2 is about 4000 kg. The content of carotene is 3-4 times that of Xinhetian, and the total carotene is 140-170 mg / kg, of which the content of β-carotene is 100-120 mg / kg. It is an ideal variety suitable for fresh food and processing.

4. Chunhong No.1. The variety has a growth period of 100-150d, strong winterness, fast root expansion and early coloring; fleshy root bark, flesh, heart bright red, heart column thin, root tail obtusely round; root length 18-20cm, diameter about 5cm, single root mass 200220g; variety adaptability, good taste, 667m2 yield of about 4000 kg. The seeds were sown in the open field in North China from late March to early April.

5. Chunhong No.2. The growth period of the variety is about 90 days, and it is an early-maturing variety; the root is a neat columnar shape, the appearance is smooth, and the skin, flesh and heart are bright red; the root length is 18 cm and the diameter is 5-6 cm, which is an early-maturing and heat-resistant variety suitable for spring and summer cultivation. The yield of 667m2 is about 3500-4000 kg, which is suitable for spring sowing and cultivation in most parts of China. Spring open field cultivation in the north of North China can be carried out in early April, and spring open land in the south of North China should be sown in late March.

Key points of cultivation

1. Sowing in spring should not be too early or too late. Generally, the average daily temperature is 10 ℃ and the average temperature at night is 7 ℃. Protected cultivation can be flexibly controlled according to the temperature in the greenhouse or small arch greenhouse.

2. The ground temperature of spring sowing is low and it is not easy to sprout, so it is appropriate to soak seeds to promote sprouting. Methods to soak the seeds in 30-40 ℃ warm water for 3-4 hours, remove them and put them in a wet cloth, put them in a constant temperature under the condition of 20-25 ℃, keep the seeds moist, stir and rinse regularly with warm water to make the temperature and humidity uniform. After most of the seeds are white, they can be sown. The sowing depth is 2-3 cm, and it is not easy to emerge if it is too deep.

3. Carrots are root vegetables, and the sowing land should be sandy loam or loam, deep ploughing fine rake, and the tillage depth is not less than 25-30 cm. Fertilization is mainly based on base fertilizer, 667m2 application of rotten organic fertilizer 2500 kg, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and available nitrogen fertilizer 15 kg. Topdressing twice, respectively, in the fixed seedling stage and root expansion stage, the first phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer each 3 kg, the second phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 3.5kg, nitrogen fertilizer 7.5kg. The soil should be kept moist from sowing to seedling stage, watering once every 3-4 days and once in the next 10-15 days.

4. Carrot seedlings were planted twice during seedling period, the first time was carried out with 1-2 true leaves, the inferior seedlings, weak seedlings and over-dense seedlings were removed, and the second time was carried out with 3-4 true leaves, the seedlings were fixed immediately after seedlings, the plant spacing was 8-10cm, and the row spacing was 15-20 cm. Intertillage weeding is the key to the high yield of carrots, and herbicides can also be used to control weeds. The topsoil is usually sprayed with 100g of 50% prometryne wettable powder and 25kg of water per 667m2. Pay attention to cultivating soil when ploughing to prevent fleshy roots from pushing out of the ground to form green shoulders.

High-yield cultivation techniques

1. Selection of improved varieties: it is appropriate to choose high-yield and high-quality varieties suitable for spring sowing, such as "Red Beauty", "five inches of Kuroda, Japan" and so on. two。 Select a good plot, soil preparation and fertilization: select fertile sandy soil with good drainage, 4000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer and 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied per mu before soil preparation. Organic fertilizer must be fully mature, finely crushed, fully spread and mixed with the soil, otherwise, it will damage the main root. 3. Ridging: apply enough basic fertilizer to form ridges after leveling the land. Ridging specifications: ridges 50 cm wide and 20 cm high. Before ridging, first open two ditches, apply 30kg of three-yuan compound fertilizer per mu, combined with ridging and turn into the soil. 4. Sowing and plastic film mulching (1) seed treatment: soaking seeds to accelerate germination, soaking seeds in 40 ℃-45 ℃ water for about 2 hours, then putting them into 20 ℃ 25 ℃ temperature, keeping moist and turning frequently, and sowing seeds when most of the radicles are exposed. (2) sowing: spring sowing usually keeps the soil temperature of 10 centimeters at 12 ℃. Sow two rows in each ridge, the row spacing of the border is 20 cm, sow the seeds evenly along the ditch, and cover the soil 0.5 cm-1 cm thick. The general seed consumption is 250 grams per mu. (3) spraying herbicides: 33% herbicide EC can be used to spray the ground, do not miss or re-spray. (4) plastic film mulching: in order to improve the emergence rate, the plastic film should be covered immediately after spraying herbicide, and the plastic film should be uncovered in time before emergence. 5. Field management (1) seedlings, fixed seedlings: 20 days after sowing, grow 2-3 true leaves time seedlings, seedling distance 5 cm. When the seedlings grow 5-7 true leaves, the seedling spacing is 10 cm. (2) topdressing: fertilizing twice during the growing period, in the two periods of 3-4 true leaves and 7-8 true leaves. Each time, 30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer was applied, ditched in the middle and lower part of the ridge shoulder, and then covered with soil. (3) watering: keep the ground moist before emergence, generally not much watering, squatting seedlings properly; leaf vigorous growth period, appropriate control of watering; in the fleshy root expansion period should maintain adequate water supply. Be careful that the ground must not be dry or wet to prevent cracking. (4) soil cultivation: cultivate the soil before the fleshy root expands, so that the root is not embedded in the soil, so as to prevent the visible light from turning green and reduce the quality. 6. Harvest: after the fleshy root is fully expanded, it can be harvested. Early harvest will affect the yield, too late will make the fleshy root tissue old, easy to form bran heart, and reduce the quality.