Key points of management of balsam pear during high temperature period

Balsam pear is a favorite vegetable, balsam pear, also known as cold gourd, is a cucurbitaceae plant, an annual climbing herb. Stems, branches, petioles and pedicels pilose, axillary tendrils. Leaves 3 to 12 cm in diameter, 5 to 7 palmately parted, lobes oval, outer margin serrated. Blossoms at the turn of spring and summer, monoecious and yellow. The fruit is long oval, with most irregular tumor-like protuberances on the surface. The seeds are hidden in fleshy fruit and are wrapped in red sacs when ripe.

Balsam pear temperature requirements: temperature control, balsam pear like temperature, more heat-resistant, not cold-resistant. The germination of seeds is suitable for 30 ~ 35 ℃. When the temperature is below 20 ℃, the germination is slow, but it is difficult to germinate below 13 ℃. At about 25 ℃, the seedlings with 5 true leaves can be bred in about 15 days, and if it is about 15 ℃, it takes 20 to 30 days. Balsam pear plants grew slowly at 10-15 ℃, but grew poorly when the temperature was below 10 ℃. When the temperature was below 5 ℃, the plants were significantly damaged. However, with slightly lower temperature and short sunshine, the node of the first female flower occurred earlier. The flowering and fruiting period is more than 20 ℃, and the suitable period is about 25 ℃. The higher the temperature in the range of 15-30 ℃, the more beneficial to the growth of balsam pear-early fruit, high yield and good quality. However, more than 30 ℃ and less than 15 ℃ were disadvantageous to the growth and fruit of balsam pear.

As more than 30 ℃ and less than 15 ℃ are disadvantageous to the growth of balsam pear, the high temperature period is particularly important for the management of balsam pear, so how to manage the high temperature period of balsam pear? Now I would like to introduce to you.

Balsam pear has strong branching, many lateral vines, and some lateral vines bear melon. In order to create a well-ventilated and transparent growth environment and reduce nutrient consumption, lateral branches less than 1 meter should be removed, and 2 or 3 branches above 1 meter should be selected. It is no longer pruned after the middle stage, but the old and yellow leaves at the base and the melon-free branches hanging to the lower part should be removed. If possible, the upper branches without melons or female flowers should also be removed to facilitate ventilation and light. Balsam pear likes moist, avoid stagnant water, usually should pay attention to timely exclusion of stagnant water in the field. The use of water can be carried out according to the dry and wet condition of the soil. In general, the sun evaporates violently in sunny days, and the water disappears quickly, so it is necessary to sprinkle water in time to ensure its physiological water requirements, avoid drought and wilt, and affect plant growth and development, flowering and fruiting. In the period of high yield, sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were supplemented with water. It can also be flushed with fully mature farm manure. Pay attention to the principle of "small amount of diligent application" in the amount of fertilizer. Balsam pear to enter the peak period of fertilization should be adequate, high temperature and drought season should be timely watering, the border had better be covered with wheat straw to moisturize, and pay attention to prevent stagnant water. Pay attention to promoting flowers, and often spray "flowering essence", "Zhuoguoling", "amino acid", borax, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium nitrate and other nutrient solutions or agents. Balsam pear often occurs Fusarium wilt, anthrax, powdery mildew and so on. The main pest is melon fruit fly. Powdery mildew occurs during flowering and fruiting, and the leaves are covered with white powdery matter, which makes the leaves lose green and yellowing, resulting in premature senescence of the plant. Prevention and control methods: when there is a white powder on the leaves, the water solution of nitrilazole or trimethoprim should be sprayed on the leaf surface every 7-10 days for prevention and control, continuously spraying 2-3 times, pay attention to the amount of water must be large. On the leaves, the disease starts from the leaf tip or leaf edge, the shape of the disease spot is irregular, the periphery is not obvious, the initial dark green, water stains, and then turn brown. The disease spot can expand to the whole or more than half of the leaves, and when it is wet, a circle of white mildew grows at the junction of the disease spot. Control agents: chlorothalonil, Bengke, Bordeaux liquid, Nongliling, Anke or Jinreidi spray, diseased leaves were removed and taken away for destruction. Control borer with Ruijin special agent spray. Imidacloprid and acetamiprid were sprayed to control aphids. The method to control melon fruit fly is to spray young melon with Regent water solution, or farmland happy water solution, or kung fu water solution for 2 times, once every 4-5 days, and remove the deformed fruit in time, burn it or bury it deeply outside the garden.