Early ripening cultivation techniques of edamame bean in greenhouse

Edamame is also called soybean. Soybean is called Shu in ancient times. Soybean is yellow\green\black\brown\two color soybean general term. About 5000 years of cultivation history, originated in China. About 90% of China's crops are yellow soybeans. Edamame, that is, fresh soybeans with pods, dried after also known as soybeans. There are six kinds of grain sizes: maximum grain: 100 grains weighing more than 30 grams; extra large grain: 100 grains weighing 24.1-30 grams; large grain: 100 grains weighing 18.1-24 grams; medium grain: 100 grains weighing 12.1-18 grams; small grain: 100 grains weighing 6.1-12 grams; very small grain: 100 grains weighing less than 6 grams.

Green beans can be cultivated in greenhouses early so that green beans enter maturity, so how can green houses be cultivated to make green beans mature? Below we will introduce the green bean greenhouse early maturity cultivation technology.

1. Soil preparation and fertilization. Green bean likes warm, belongs to short-day plant, with deep soil layer, rich in calcium, organic matter neutral and good drainage soil is appropriate. Greenhouse early sowing, soil moisture should not be too large, otherwise, in case of low temperature easy to rot seeds. Generally, about 1000 kg of decomposed chicken manure and 15 kg of ternary imported compound fertilizer are applied on the basis of mu, which is applied one month before sowing. Practice proved that heavy application of base fertilizer could improve cold resistance and yield of edamame. After fertilization, it should be made into a flat ridge with a width of 2.1 meters, a width of 0.3 meters and a depth of 0.2 meters.

II. Timely sowing

1. Variety selection. Tezao 4, Tezao and Hefeng 35 were the varieties cultivated locally for early maturity, but Tezao 4 was the best.

2. Sowing. From the end of January to the beginning of February, it is advisable to sow seeds in weather without strong cold air. 5-6 kg per mu. Sowing by dibbling method, plant spacing of 25 cm ×25 cm, sowing depth of 3-5 cm, consistent depth requirements, in order to facilitate orderly emergence. Generally, when the temperature inside the shed is 10-25℃ (the temperature outside the shed is 8-15℃), the seedlings are ready in about 10 days.

3. Chemical weeding. After sowing and covering soil, 80- 100ml of 5% acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate is used per mu, and 30- 40kg of water is evenly sprayed on the surface of the ridge for weeding.

III. Greenhouse management

1. Temperature management. The early stage is mainly to freeze and keep warm, and the late stage is to strengthen ventilation. It is required to buckle the greenhouse one week before direct seeding, and cover the plastic film or arch film immediately after sowing. After emergence, pay attention to selecting sunny days to break the membrane and release seedlings in time. The suitable temperature in the shed before emergence is 15-25℃, the suitable temperature in growth period is 20-25℃, and the suitable temperature in flowering period is 20-28℃. Therefore, according to the growth characteristics of each period, the shed should be closed in time for warmth or ventilation.

2. Fertilizer and water management. Generally, it is not suitable for fertilization at seedling stage. If the leaves are affected by low temperature, wrinkled leaves can be produced. 50 g of yellow leaf enemy micro-fertilizer can be used for 30-45 kg of water per mu. Spray once at noon on a sunny day. Foliar topdressing with 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution at flowering stage. Spraying time is before 10:00 a.m. or after 4:00 p.m., preferably cloudy. Spray once every 7-10 days, and spray once in case of rain after spraying. In addition, 10 kg urea per mu was applied to the water during the flowering and pod setting period.

In water management, after sowing seedlings before emergence should not be watered; seedling excessive drought can be appropriate watering, promote root formation. The principle of "dry flower wet pod" should be adopted in water management during dry flower fruiting period.

3. Pest control. Green soybean in greenhouse is easy to cause dead seedlings due to low temperature and humidity in seedling stage and application of undecomposed farm manure. Therefore, chlorothalonil smoke agent 200g per mu can be selected for chemical control in seedling shed, and water agent should be used as little as possible. When edamame is in 4 leaves, usable chlorothalonil, carbendazim waits for medicaments to spray control. Spray once every week for 2 times in total.

4. Harvest at the right time. Generally, green beans in greenhouse enter harvest period at the end of April and the beginning of May. Early mature soybean is expensive in the word "early", so it should be picked in batches at the right time and listed as early as possible to obtain better benefits.

Two Methods for Increasing Yield of Soybean

The yield of edamame increased by 10% by artificial topping or foliar fertilizer spraying. Interested friends may wish to try.

Artificial topping can not only prevent excessive growth of bean plants, but also concentrate nutrients produced by photosynthesis to pod seeds, increase pod weight and seed weight and improve yield. Spraying foliar fertilizer at the middle and late stages of growth of edamame, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150~ 200g/mu, ammonium molybdate 25g/mu, and foliar spraying with 75kg water can increase pod setting rate and grain weight. At the late flowering stage, spraying 75~ 100kg ammonium bisulfite solution with 60~ 100ppm per mu for 2~3 times could inhibit photorespiration, reduce non-productive nutrient consumption and increase soybean yield.