Cultivation techniques of edamame bean in reverse season

Edamame beans, also known as vegetable soybeans, are vegetable soybeans specializing in fresh and tender pods in soybean crops. Edamame beans are fresh soybeans with pods. Edamame bean is an annual crop, the stem is thick and hairy, its pods are flat, and there are fine hairs on the pods, so people call them edamame beans. When fresh, the pods are bright green and green.

The reverse seasonal cultivation of edamame bean can maximize the planting benefit of edamame bean, so how can edamame bean be cultivated in reverse season? Next, we will introduce the two key techniques in the reverse season cultivation of edamame bean: planting and double-film seedling cultivation.

Colonization:

1. Field preparation of edamame beans should not be continuous cropping, but should be cropped in rotation. Therefore, to select at least two years have not planted edamame bean fields, while requiring convenient drainage and irrigation, less weeds in the field, 3-4 days before edamame bean planting, ploughing the whole field, generally tillage depth 17-20 cm, combined with ploughing, applying sufficient base fertilizer, 667 square meters can be applied rotten barnyard manure 2000-2500kg, calcium superphosphate 25-30kg, plant ash 100-150kg or potassium sulfate 20-25kg, in order to meet the needs of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during edamame bean growth. If the soil is too sour, an appropriate amount of lime should be applied to neutralize the acidity. After fertilization and soil preparation, chemical weeding was carried out on the field surface in time. Generally, 72% 100-150ml EC was used to spray water 40-50kg in order to prevent the vast majority of annual Gramineae weeds and some annual broad-leaf weeds and sedges. The application must be uniform and thoughtful, no re-spraying and no leakage, so as to facilitate complete closure. If the ground surface is relatively dry, we should first carry out irrigation scenting water to make the topsoil moist, and then spray chemicals, and then increase the dosage if there is no irrigation conditions. after application, the field can be covered with plastic film according to the planting specifications of edamame beans, waiting for drilling and transplanting.

two。 Timely transplanting, reasonable close planting edamame bean root regeneration ability is weak, the degree of plant injury resistance is low, generally 2-3 days before and after the first pair of true leaves of edamame bean seedlings are flattened, and can not wait until the first compound leaves of seedlings are drawn out at the latest, otherwise, the seedlings grow slowly in the field, which is easy to cause rigid seedlings and even lead to seedling death. Generally speaking, those covered with plastic film can be transplanted from late March to early April; those covered with plastic film and small arch shed can advance the transplanting period to the first and middle of March; if edamame beans are planted in the middle or greenhouse, then the transplanting period can be advanced to late February to early March, and tender pods can be harvested in early May.

Early-maturing or out-of-season cultivation of edamame bean requires reasonable close planting to increase pod yield. It is generally planted in wide and narrow rows, that is, the wide row spacing is 36-42 cm, the narrow row spacing is 22-26 cm, the average row spacing is 30-34 cm, and the plant spacing is 16-22 cm. Edamame beans can also be planted with equal row spacing, that is, the row spacing is about 30 cm and the plant spacing is about 20 cm. Generally, 10 000 holes are planted in 667m2, and the number of seedlings in 667m2 is 20-25000. The varieties with more branches and the fields with high soil fertility and good supply of fertilizer and water should be sparse, and vice versa. After the plastic film is laid, it can be planted by drilling holes. The suitable planting depth of the seedling is that the cotyledon is about 1.5 cm from the ground. If the planting is too shallow, the hypocotyls of the seedlings exposed to the ground is too high, only the edamame cultivated with plastic film is easy to be hit by the cold wind, the tissue becomes stiff, and it is easy to break in case of strong wind; the planting is too deep, the soil temperature rises slowly in the depths, and it is not conducive to root. After soya bean seedlings are planted, slow seedling water is irrigated once, or dilute water dung with a concentration of about 10% is used to promote slow seedling rooting.

Double film seedling raising

1. Seed treatment before sowing sowing edamame beans before sowing choose sunny and warm weather for 1-2 days, then sift or air select to remove impurities such as mud and ash. In order to prevent diseases, cultivate strong seedlings and increase yield, chemical treatment and inoculation of rhizobium can be carried out before sowing.

The chemical treatment of edamame seeds is mainly aimed at the serious diseases that have occurred in the seed field during the podding and bulging period, which makes the seeds carry pathogens. Generally, the methods of seed dressing or liquid soaking are adopted. The seed powder can be mixed with 50% Fumishuang wettable powder or 50% carbendazim wettable powder directly with dry seeds, or after spraying a little clear water on the seed surface. The dosage of powder is generally 0.2% of the seed amount. 0.3%. The seeds can be soaked in 1% formalin, 1% copper sulfate aqueous solution and other medicine solution, take out 5-20 minutes, rinse with clean water before sowing.

For the early-maturing varieties of edamame, the rhizobium is generally less developed, and the formation of rhizobium itself is relatively less in the seedling stage, and the ability of nitrogen fixation is low. therefore, the strong seedlings can be cultivated by inoculating the seeds of edamame bean with rhizobium. After inoculating rhizobium, the nitrogen fixation ability of edamame bean can be improved and the effect of increasing yield can be obtained. The method of inoculating rhizobium is as follows: one is to mix the seeds with a bacterial agent, that is, directly use the purchased rhizobium powder 50-75g, first spray a small amount of water on the seed to moist the seed surface, and then spray water on the bacterial agent, so that the water content of the bacterial agent is about 35%, that is, spray 18-30g of the bacterial agent, and then mix the two evenly. Second, do not buy rhizobium agents, select nodules on the old roots of the strong edamame bean plants harvested the year before, cut off the nodules with scissors, wash the soil with clean water, dry in the shade, and so on, mash into powder and soya bean seeds and mix them evenly. Generally, 30-40 plants are needed for 667 square meters.

In addition, molybdenum in trace elements can enhance the respiratory intensity, germination energy and germination rate of edamame seeds. In particular, molybdenum can promote the formation and growth of root nodules, increase the number, volume and nitrogen fixation of root nodules; molybdenum is still a component of nitrogenase, which can fix nitrogen only when the supply of molybdenum is normal. When molybdenum is deficient, the nodule is dysplastic, the number is small and small. Therefore, combined with rhizobium mixed seeds, the seeds can be mixed with 1.5% ammonium molybdate aqueous solution, and each 100kg seed can be diluted with ammonium molybdate diluent 3.3kg.

two。 The fattening seedling bed should choose fields with leeward and sunny direction, high and dry terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, and less diseases, pests and weeds. Generally, the width of seedling bed is 1.8-2m and the net width is 1.3-1.4m. The length of seedling bed depends on the field area, the diameter of nutrient bowl or the length of nutrient soil, and the transplanting density. In addition, it is also necessary to appropriately increase the length of the seedbed by 10% and 15% as a filling seedbed. To fertilize the seedbed, one is to allocate the nutritious soil, and the other is to apply fertilizer directly on the seedbed. The nutritive soil for raising seedlings is mainly composed of vegetable garden soil or pond mud that has not been planted with beans, fully mature barnyard manure or mud compost, and mixed with rotten dung, plant ash and so on. It is usually 6 parts of soil and 4 parts of mature organic matter. The thickness of the culture soil in the seedbed is 5-8 cm, or 80% of the nutrition bowl. If the method of adding fertilizer directly to the seedling bed is adopted, generally every 3.3 m long seedling bed should be treated with rotten ash and manure 100kg, rapeseed cake 2-2.5kg, high-efficiency compound fertilizer 2-3kg, and then turn the seedling bed up and down evenly, finishing and forming.

3. After fine seeding and fertilizing the seedling bed, you can make bowls or cut seeds. Before making bowls or cutting blocks, the bed should be watered with enough water to create good moisture. The moisture content of the seedling bed is based on the fact that the bed soil can knead into a mass and fall to the ground as the standard, otherwise, if the bed soil is too dry, the bowl block can not be formed, which affects the seed germination and emergence; the bed soil is too wet, and the bowl block is too bad, which is easy to cause hardening, making it difficult to root the seed and easily cause rotten seeds and rigid seedlings. In order to protect the root system of edamame, it is best to use nutrition bowl or nutrient soil block to raise seedlings. Nutritious soil can be pressed by machine or cut bed soil with thin plate, generally 10-12 cm square, with a small stick in the middle to pound a small hole about 2 cm deep to sow seeds. The diameter of the nutrition bowl is generally 8-10 cm. No matter it is nutrition soil block or nutrition bowl, put 2-3 seeds in each hole, cultivate edamame beans in anti-season, generally use 3-3.5kg seed every 667m2, after sowing, cover with about 2cm thick fine soil, sprinkle a layer of black rice chaff ash or plant ash on the surface, make the soil temperature rise easily, after the seedling bed is covered with soil, you can cover a layer of plastic film, and then set up a small arch shed to cover.

4. Seedbed management soybeans are not watered on the seedling bed before emergence so as not to cause rotten seeds. Generally, seedlings begin to emerge 10-12 days after sowing, and plastic film should be removed after 50% emergence. After another 10-15 days, the first pair of true leaves of seedlings should be planted in time. 3-5 days before planting, the nursery bed should be ventilated and cooled down, and proper low temperature exercise should be carried out. Pour water once in 1-2 days to facilitate the seedling to carry soil. The management of the seedling stage is mainly ventilation and heat preservation work. In case of sunny and warm weather during the day, the film at both ends of the arch shed can be opened around 9: 00 in the morning. The seedling bed is too long, and part of the film is also removed in the middle to enhance ventilation and disperse humidity. Prevent the excessive humidity from growing to form tall seedlings, at the same time, except before planting, the seedling stage should be watered as little as possible. When ventilating and dispersing dampness, we should also prevent the phenomenon of "flashing seedlings", that is, the air humidity in the seedling bed drops suddenly, and the bean seedlings dry up the leaf edge due to sudden water loss, and the leaves wilt. If accompanied by cold weather, the chlorophyll is destroyed, making the leaves white or even dry. The way to avoid is to choose sunny and warm weather to gradually uncover the film and dissipate dampness. In addition, the seedling bed at night to do a good job of heat preservation, in case of cold weather, can be covered with a layer of grass curtain outside the arch shed to prevent bean seedlings from being damaged by low temperature for a long time.