Key points of Rapid cultivation of Auricularia auricula in Summer and Autumn

Auricularia auricula (scientific name: Gynura cusimbua), also known as babbling, sunflower, tofu, purple horn leaves, chrysanthemum Panax notoginseng, perennial tall herbs, 1.5-2 meters high. Flowering and fruiting period is from September to October. Auricularia auricula vegetables are fed by seedlings, tender shoots or tender leaves, with tender and smooth texture and high nutritional value. Can be used for soup, stir-fry, hot food, cold, etc., its taste is fragrant, chewing like eating fungus generally crisp and refreshing, hence the name agaric dish. It is widely cultivated in the south and north, perennial cultivation in the tropical areas of the south, and annual cultivation in the north.

Morphological characteristics of Auricularia auricula is a tall perennial herb 1.5-2 meters high. Stem fleshy, base woody, 1.5-2 cm in diam., lower half procumbent, distally erect, with many corymbose branches, green or purplish, with conspicuous grooves, glabrous or distally ±hairy. Leaves large, sessile or shortly stipitate; leaf blade Obovate, oblong-elliptic, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, 10-30 cm long, 4-11 cm wide, apex acuminate, base cuneate narrowly short stalked or sessile and expanding broad clasping auricles, margin irregularly sharply serrate, teeth tip apiculate, lateral veins 12-30 pairs, curved, green above, sometimes purple below, both surfaces glabrous. Upper leaves gradually smaller, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, tip long acuminate or caudal tip. Heads 10-12 mm in diam., usually 4-15 flowering stems, branches arranged in corymbose panicles; inflorescence branches unequal in length, peduncle slender, 1.5-3 cm long, bracts 2-3 filiform linear, pubescent. Involucral bracts narrowly campanulate or Terete, 12-17 mm long and 8-12 mm wide, with 7-9 linear filiform bracteoles at base; involucre 1-layer, 13-15, linear or linear-lanceolate, 13-15 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, apex acuminate, margin scarious, abaxially with conspicuous 3-ribbed, glabrous or subglabrous. Florets ca. 50, orange-yellow, Corolla 11-13 mm long, tube slender, 7-9 mm long, distally enlarged, lobes triangular-ovate, eaves 3-4 mm long. Achenes Terete, 4-4.5 mm long, brown, 10-ribbed, intercostal puberulent. Crown hairs numerous, white, sericeous, 10-15 mm long, easy to fall off. Flowering and fruiting period is from September to October.

Auricularia auricula is suitable for rapid cultivation in summer and autumn because of its heat resistance and rapid growth. At present, the commonly used varieties are: red sunflower, green stem sunflower, broad-leaf sunflower, white sunflower and so on. According to the different feeding parts, it can be divided into non-frame cultivation of young shoots and frame cultivation of young leaves. Next we will introduce the key points of rapid cultivation of Auricularia auricula in summer and autumn.

Before sowing, 2500 kg of rotten organic fertilizer and 450kg of superphosphate were applied per mu, and deep ploughing, raking and spraying no-deep ploughing soil conditioner per mu were applied to promote the looseness and permeability of the deep soil. Make a flat bed. Soak the seeds in warm water of 35 ℃ for 2 days before sowing and cultivate them in summer and autumn without sprouting. The amount of seed used for sowing is 8 kg per mu, and the effective number of seedlings is 30,000 plants per mu.

After emergence, the seedlings are interspersed and fixed. The row spacing of leaves and shoots was 30 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm, 5 plants per hole and 3 plants per hole, respectively.

After sunflower emergence, the soil should be kept moist and watered at the right time. Apply human feces and urine once after each harvest, 500 kilograms per hectare, or 10 kilograms of urea, drainage and waterlogging prevention in time in the rainy season.

When harvesting the tender shoots, when the seedling height is 30mi 35cm, leave 3mur4 leaves to harvest the head tip. After that, two strong and exuberant lateral buds were selected to form shoots, and the rest were erased. After 2 shoots were harvested, 4 strong lateral buds were left to form shoots, and the rest were erased. In the peak growth period, 8 strong lateral buds can be selected to form shoots. The buds should be erased at any time in the middle and later stages. At the end of harvest, two strong lateral buds can be left to form shoots.

Harvest leaves for cultivation, should be built on the vine, the selection of backbone vines in addition to the main vine, generally choose the base of strong lateral buds into vines. Pick the heart when the backbone grows to the top of the frame. After picking the heart, the strong lateral buds are selected from the base of the backbone vine to form a vine.

After sowing, the young leaves were harvested for 50 days, and the leaves were generally harvested every 15 days in the early stage, 15 days in the middle stage and 17 days in the later stage. When eating tender shoots, they are usually cut with knives or scissors, with a length of 10ml / 15cm and harvested every 7-10 days. You can also cut tender shoots in the early and later stages and pick tender leaves in the middle.

The common diseases of Auricularia auricula are: Brown spot, also known as fisheye disease, red spot disease, snake eye disease, sun spot, etc., which can be sprayed at the initial stage of 72% Kelou wettable powder solution, or 68.75% easy dispersible granule 1000 times solution to control.