Cultivation and management techniques of rape and wheat throughout the year

In recent years, a new face has emerged in the vegetable market-rapeseed: it looks similar to lettuce, with slender, flat leaves and thin and short bamboo shoots. Rapeseed belongs to a variety of leaf lettuce-long-leaf lettuce, which is similar to the familiar lettuce, so it is also known as Niu Li lettuce. The nutritional value of rape is higher than that of lettuce, but much better than lettuce. Compared with lettuce, the protein content is 40% higher, carotene is 1.4 times higher, calcium is 2 times higher, iron is 33% higher, and selenium is 1.8 times higher. Rape has few insect pests and basically does not apply pesticides in field production, so it belongs to green vegetables with less pollution.

Rape varieties have strong adaptability, crisp taste, good quality, high market price, and are deeply loved by farmers and consumers. the annual cultivation techniques of rape are summarized as follows:

I. Variety characteristics

Brassica campestris belongs to Compositae, which is a kind of pointed leaf chicory with tender shoots and leaves as its products. its leaves are long lanceolate, green in color and strong in growth. disease resistance, strong adaptability, crisp and tender texture, taste very fresh and tender, fragrance, a plant can reach 0.3 kg ·667mz to produce 3O00-5OOOkg, known as "wind tail".

Second, the cultivation season

Rape is heat-resistant, cold-resistant and adaptable. it can be harvested in spring and autumn, harvested before planting New Year's Day in early autumn, as well as greenhouse production in winter. A greenhouse production, it is appropriate to raise strong seedlings before the arrival of cold winter. that is, the seedling stage to avoid the cold winter season in January. Spring seeds can be raised in greenhouse in January, summer seeds can be sowed in April, and autumn seeds can be sowed in August.

Annual cultivation techniques 1. Sowing and raising seedlings in the greenhouse during early spring sowing from January to March, 2 rows were built in the standard shed, a trench was opened in the middle, the bed was deeply turned over, the bottom water was watered, the seeds were sown in the border, the seeds were covered with mud, and the plastic film (2 layers of film and 1 layer of mulch) was spread to cover the seeds. Generally, the seedlings emerged in 10 to 15 days, and the seedlings were longer in rainy and cold time. Remove the plastic film after the seedlings, ventilate and ventilate, prevent high temperature injury during the day and frost injury at night. 2. Summer sowing from April to June to raise seedlings in the open field, select high potential land, 2m continuous ditch, deeply turn and apply rotten stable fertilizer, build the border and level off. Soak the seeds for 3 hours, wait for the seeds to dry before sowing. Pour enough bottom water on the seedling bed, spread the seeds on the border surface, cover the seed mud, pour enough water, in case of high temperature and drought, cover the border with sunshade net, uncover the net sooner or later after finishing the seedlings, the fertilizer and water of the seedling bed should be moderate and should not be too dry. 3. Sowing in autumn from July to September, rape seedlings should be soaked to promote germination. The method is to wrap the seeds in gauze and soak them in water for 3 hours, then take them out and put them in the refrigerator for 10 hours and 15 hours. 75% of the seeds can be sprouted. Autumn sowing seedlings had better use a small arch shed or greenhouse, pay attention to soil moisture after emergence, should not be too dry and too wet, and pull out weeds in time to ensure smooth drainage.

IV. Seedling raising techniques

When rape is cultivated in summer and autumn, sprouting and sowing must be accelerated, otherwise it is difficult to ensure the success of seedling raising. The optimum temperature for rape seed germination is 15 ℃ 20 ℃, and no germination occurs when the temperature exceeds 25 ℃ or below 8 mol. A simple and easy way to germinate is to soak the seeds in clean water for 6 hours, then pick them up and drain them, and then put them into stockings and choose the following three methods to promote germination.

1. The method of sprouting in the river sand is to spread the wet river sand 2O-3OCm thick in the cool place, then remove the soaked seeds on the river sand surface, spread the 1-2cm thick wet river sand, and cover it with fresh vegetable leaves.

two。 Ice sprouting method of thermos flask will soak the seeds, hang in the bottle, add clear water, ice cubes, and reach 15 Mel 20, rinse every other day and insist on changing water and adding ice cubes.

3. In the refrigerator, the soaked seeds are wrapped in gauze by low temperature budding, put into the refrigerator of 15 ℃ and 20 min, and rinse once a day. The above sprouting process takes about 4 days, 60% Murray 70% sprouting can be sown. Seedlings can be raised by direct seeding in suitable season, heat preservation in arch shed in winter and spring, and sunshade net should be used in summer and autumn.

5. Reasonable close planting

The seedling age varies greatly with different seasons. It takes 30 days in summer and autumn and 50 seconds in winter and spring. Generally, it can be planted with 6 true leaves. 15cmx2Ocm is required for row spacing.

VI. Field management

Rape is generally cultivated in flat beds, with sufficient basal fertilizer before planting, and high-quality barnyard manure 50OOkg, diammonium 40kg, urea 20kg, potassium sulfate 20kg or plant ash 2O0-3O0kg per 667mz. Watering planting water during planting, watering enough slow seedling water after one week, watering and flushing seedling fertilizer (urea 15kg), re-applying plant promoting fertilizer (urea 30kg) in the later stage, ploughing and deep hoeing in time after planting slow seedling were beneficial to squatting seedling and promote root development. Keep the field moist and the soil loose throughout the growth and development period.

VII. Disease and pest control

Downy mildew with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 58% ribavirin-manganese zinc 50g to water 2Okg into 70% ethyl manganese (hexanomanganese zinc) 5Og to water 15kg alternate use, better prevention effect: Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum powder 50g with water 40-50kg spray, when the disease is serious, the dosage can be increased as appropriate. The spraying time should be 3: 00 p. M. on a sunny day or when the leaves turn sunny after rain without dew.

VIII. Harvest

Rape can be eaten at seedling time, and the harvest standard is relatively loose. 16 leaves can be harvested from 14mur. according to market demand, the yield will be low if harvested too early, and the moss will be removed too late, which will affect the quality. The harvest had better be carried out in the early morning.