Key points of cultivation techniques of bamboo shoots

Bamboo shoots have been regarded as "treasures in dishes" in China since ancient times. Bamboo shoots are a traditional Chinese delicacy with a crispy taste and a long history of eating and cultivation. In the Book of songs, there are poems such as "add beans, bamboo shoots and fish fish" and "its sounds, but bamboo shoots and cattails", indicating that people have eaten bamboo shoots for 2,500 or even 3000 years.

Bamboo shoots are the buds of bamboo, also known as shoots. Bamboo is a perennial evergreen herb, the edible part is primary, tender fat, short and strong buds or whips. Bamboo is native to China with many types, strong adaptability and wide distribution. There are 30 genera and 550 species in the world, which are abundant in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. China is one of the most bamboo-producing countries in the world, with 22 genera and more than 200 species, distributed all over the country, with the most in the Pearl River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin. There are only a few dwarf bamboos growing in the north of Qinling Mountains.

Bamboo shoots are delicious, rich in 19 kinds of amino acids in addition to crude fiber, among which 8 kinds of essential amino acids which are important to maintain human health are complete, which is a kind of nutritious vegetable. The spring shoots of Phyllostachys pubescens and Phyllostachys pubescens in the Yangtze River basin are listed in the early spring off-season (around April), while Ma bamboo and green bamboo in the Pearl River Basin, Fujian and Taiwan are supplied in the high temperature and summer off season (July-August), which plays an important role in enriching the market.

The south of the Yangtze River in China is suitable for bamboo growth and can be cultivated in mountainous and hilly areas. Bamboo grows faster than ordinary trees, forms a forest earlier, has dense branches and leaves, and has bamboo whips and a large number of roots underground to prevent soil erosion on hilly slopes. Bamboo has many uses and high economic value, so it is a plant worthy of vigorous development.

Cultivation management:

(1) weeding and loosening the soil the new bamboo forest is easy to breed weeds before the canopy is closed, and weeding and loosening the soil twice a year. The first time was carried out after the branches and leaves of Hsinchu were unfolded before the plum rain came, when the weeds were young and perishable to death. it is disadvantageous to Hsinchu too early, it is easy to hurt the whip too late; the second time is in August, when most of the weed seeds are not mature and will not spread after the grass is removed. After the bamboo forest is closed, the weeds are weeded once a year from July to August. Loosen the soil near Hsinchu should be 33 cm away from the plant, so as not to break the roots of the new bamboo.

Loosening the soil should be deeper, so that the cultivated soil layer can be thickened, which is beneficial to the development of whips and roots, so as to save more Rain Water and reduce drought damage. When loosening the soil, it was found that dark-brown old whips and bamboo sticks left behind after felling, as well as tree stumps and stones, were all dug up, so that the bamboo whips and roots could be extended smoothly.

(2) because the new whip is mostly distributed in the soil layer above the old whip, the soil layer where the bamboo whip is located becomes shallower year by year, so that the range of soil nutrients and water absorbed by the whip root is reduced, which affects the growth of the whip and the whole plant. Therefore, when loosening the soil, it is necessary to dig out the aging whip and the shallow whip to induce the new whip to develop into the deep soil, and it is also necessary to lay the soil to thicken the ploughed soil layer, and when it is found that a sturdy whip extends to the shallow soil layer or exposed the soil surface, immediately dig a ditch more than 30 cm deep under it and apply fertilizer in the ditch. The bamboo forest built into terraced fields cuts off a layer of soil from the wall of the ladder every year and lays it on the surface of the lower ladder. In the gently inclined land where no terraces are built, because the soil moves downhill with Rain Water, it is necessary to pick soil from the downhill to the uphill when laying the soil.

(3) the first tip of bamboo culm was cut off from October to November of the year in which Hsinchu grew. This measure can reduce the harm of wind and snow, restrain the top advantage of bamboo stalk, and promote the growth of bamboo shoots. Therefore, the bamboo shoot forest pays special attention to the hook tip. In order to make the bamboo forest have a reasonable leaf area, it is appropriate to keep about 17 plates of branches and leaves at the hook tip.

(4) selection and Renewal of Mother Bamboo in the first 5 years, during the peak period of shoot production, we should try our best to keep sturdy and suitable spring shoots so that they can grow into a forest and make the bamboo stand distribute evenly in the whole forest. Most of the early unearthed bamboo shoots are produced from the shallow whip, and the grown bamboo shoots take shallow roots and grow weakly; the late unearthed bamboo shoots often retreat because of insufficient nutrient supply, and even if they grow up, they can not become good bamboos.

There are 150 mother bamboos per mu in the bamboo shoot forest, and 30 new bamboos per mu with robust growth and suitable position every spring. In the winter of that year, the same number of old bamboos were cut off, so that the forest often maintained a certain density, and the strong age bamboo accounted for the majority. The standing age of Phyllostachys pubescens can be identified by the color of the culm: green before three years old, yellowish green in four or five years, green-yellow in six or seven years, with a thick gray-white wax layer, gradually changed to bronze after eight years, and the wax layer gradually fell off. Generally speaking, the growth of bamboo after seven years old is weakened and can be cut down. The old bamboo that is cut down should choose those whose leaves are yellow and are about to change leaves in the coming year, and do not cut down the "hatched bamboo shoots" with dark green leaves. When cutting down old bamboos, they should be cut dense and sparse, so that the distribution of standing bamboos in the whole forest is uniform and the utilization rate of sunlight is improved.

Fertilizer and water management:

The main results are as follows: (1) the newly planted bamboo forest was poured near the bamboo plant with diluted human and animal feces or urea in spring and summer to promote the development of root group and shoot and draw new whip. In autumn, combine weeding and loosening the soil, apply column dung or compost, turn into the soil. After the spring bamboo shoots are collected every year, about 1000 kg of human and animal manure per mu are used in the forest, which are applied into the holes left by digging bamboo shoots and fertilized in other parts, so that the fertilizer is evenly distributed in the whole forest. Cover with soil after fertilizer is applied. The main purpose of this fertilization is to promote the growth of new bamboo and the development of new whip, and to restore the vigorous growth of mother bamboo quickly. In autumn, 1000 ml / mu of manure was compost and 1500 kg of manure was evenly removed and applied into the soil to promote the development of bamboo shoot buds on bamboo whips. In winter, fence dung or compost 10D0-1500 kg or pond mud or river mud 2500 MUR 5000 kg, spread on the soil surface, not only provide nutrients, but also keep the whip and root warm.

(2) Irrigation and drainage in the southern region, when there are typhoons and torrential rains during the Meiyu period and between summer and autumn, drainage should be done well to prevent stagnant water in low-lying areas. It is necessary to irrigate in time in case of autumn drought to prevent excessive drying of soil from hindering the formation and expansion of bamboo shoots and affecting the annual yield of bamboo shoots in the coming year. Special attention should be paid to irrigation in areas with low rainfall, especially when bamboo shoots are produced in spring or whipped in summer, and before the soil is frozen in winter.