High-yield techniques of standardized cultivation of lentil

Lentil, Lablab purpureus (Linn.) Sweet, general name lentil, alias falx lentil, rattan bean, along the hedge bean, magpie bean, chabou, moon vegetable, dicotyledonous plant class. There are also many kinds, such as white lentils, purple lentils, oil beans, snake beans, pig ear beans (shaped like pig ears). It is a perennial, twining vine of the genus Lentil of Leguminosae. It's a legume plant. It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with red and white flowers and green, light green, pink or purplish red pods. The use of young pods as vegetable food, white flowers and white seeds as medicine is beneficial to the elimination of summer dampness and evil qi, invigorating the spleen and relieving diarrhea, while lentils have a significant role in regression of tumor.

The plant shape of lentils

Annual twining herbs. Leaflets 3, terminal leaflet rhomboid-broadly ovate, lateral leaflets obliquely rhomboid-broadly ovate,-10 cm long, 4.5 Mel 10.5 cm wide, apex mucronate or acuminate, base broadly cuneate or subtruncate, white pubescent on both surfaces along leaf veins. Racemes axillary; 4 flowers clustered on nodes of inflorescence axis; upper 2 teeth nearly completely connate, the other 3 teeth nearly equal; Corolla white or purplish red, with 2 appendages on both sides of flag petals; ovary sericeous, basal glands, style white bearded near tip. Pods flat, falcate or semi-elliptic, 5 mi 7 cm long; seeds 3 mi 5, flat, oblong, white or purplish black. Flowering and fruiting period from July to September.

Growth habit

Perennial, winding Fujimoto. The whole plant is almost glabrous, the stem can be up to 6 meters long, often lavender. Pinnately compound leaves 3-foliolate; stipules basifixed, lanceolate; stipules linear, 3-4 mm long; leaflets broadly triangular-ovate, 6-10 cm long, ca. as wide as long, lateral leaflets unequal on both sides, oblique, apex acute or acuminate, base subtruncate. The suitable germination temperature of seeds is 22-23 ℃. The plant can withstand high temperature of about 35 ℃, strong root system, strong drought tolerance, good adaptability to all kinds of soil, and can significantly increase yield in well-drained and fertile sandy soil or loam. Annual herb with trailing stems, leaflets lanceolate, white or purple flowers, long elliptic pods, flattened, slightly curved. The seeds are white or purplish black. Like warm and moist, heat-resistant. Usually sow in spring and harvest in autumn. Young pods are common vegetables, and seeds can be used as medicine.

High-yield techniques of standardized cultivation of lentil

Variety selection

The cultivated varieties of lentils should choose white-seed varieties with low temperature tolerance, fast growth rate, more pods and early pods, less tender pods, crisp taste, strong stress resistance and marketable white seeds, such as Shanghai white lentils, Chongming lentils and Chunbian Ⅰ.

Soil preparation for ridging, suitable application of basic fertilizer

Turn the soil and dry the field 5-7 days before sowing, make ridges when sowing, the width of the border is 100 cm, the height of the border is 10-15 cm, and the width of the ditch is 50 cm. The basic fertilizer is applied to the shallow hole according to the specification of sowing density, and 15kg of sulfur-containing ternary compound fertilizer is applied to the sowing hole. After that, mix the fertilizer and the topsoil layer well and wait for sowing.

Sowing at the right time and reasonable close planting

Open field cultivation, suitable sowing time in the first and middle of April, sowing amount 3.5-4 kg per mu. Small arch shed can also be used to raise seedlings and transplant, and the sowing time can be 10-15 days earlier than that of open field cultivation. The suitable sowing density is 1500-2000 holes per mu. Sowing method, 2 rows per row, 50 cm between rows, 50 cm between holes, 3 seeds per hole, about 3 cm covered with soil, 2 seedlings per mu, 3000-4000 seedlings per mu.

Fertilization management

Fertilization principle: suitable application of base fertilizer, good application of vine-promoting fertilizer, re-application of bud-promoting fertilizer. The vine-promoting fertilizer was applied twice at the seedling stage, and for the first time, 10 kg of sulfur-containing ternary compound fertilizer, or 5 kg of urea, 5 kg of potassium sulfate and 5 kg of water were applied within 15 days after seedling emergence. The second time in the seedling height of about 20 cm, 1500 kg per mu of fence fertilizer, or fresh leaves, fresh grass 1000 kg, and combined with soil cultivation. The harvest time of white-seeded lentil is long. At the beginning of harvest, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied once again to promote the occurrence and growth of new buds. 7-10 kg urea can be applied per mu and spread on rainy days to avoid fertilizer damage. Later, according to the growth trend, combined with 1-2 times of external topdressing, or spraying 800-fold solution of quick-acting organic micro-fertilizer at flower and pod stage to improve the pod setting rate.

Set up a frame and prune

When the lentil plant grows to about 40 cm, it starts to set up the frame, inserts a 200 cm long miscellaneous wood pole or small bamboo pole in each hole, and binds 4 miscellaneous wood poles together to form a bird's nest at a height of 150 cm, and leads the vine to the shelf. When the main vine grows to about 150 cm, it begins to pick the heart to promote the occurrence and extension of lateral branches. When the side vine is wound to the top of the frame, it is also necessary to pick the heart and promote the development of the lower inflorescence and the occurrence of sun vine on the side vine. In the middle and later stages of podding, the old yellow leaves in the middle and lower parts should be removed in time, and part of the leaves and late buds should be removed in the dense part of the stems and leaves, so as to improve the light transmission conditions.

Pest control

During the growth of lentils, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of aphids, red spiders, pod borer, Spodoptera litura and other insect pests. Attention should be paid to the control of pod borer from the first flowering stage. At the beginning of the budding stage of each inflorescence, the medicine is sprayed every 7-10 days to ensure normal flowering and podding. The medicament can be sprayed with 1% oxymatrine 800 times, 1.1% green waves 1000 times, 2.5% enemy kills 1500 times, Shi an 500,800 times, 5% Yitaibao 1000 times, 2.5% cyanogen trichlorochloride 2000 times.

The main diseases of lentil are blight, quenching, anthracnose, gray mold and so on. 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate 600 times solution and 50% propofol 800-1000 times solution can be selected to control.

Timely harvest

When eating young pods and seeds of lentils, they should be harvested in batches. Too young harvest seeds are small, the yield is low; too old harvest affects merchandise. It can be taken when the appearance of the pod is light green and the grain is dilated and full. Generally, the harvest period of the first season is from the first half of July to the middle of August, and the harvest period of the second season is from the first ten days of September to the end of October. The yield per mu can reach more than 1500 kilograms.