How to detoxify Potato and increase production

Potato (scientific name: Solanum tuberosum), a perennial herb of Solanaceae with edible tubers, is the third most important food crop in the world, second only to wheat and corn. Potato, also known as ground egg, potato, potato, etc., is the tuber of Solanaceae. Together with wheat, corn, rice and sorghum, it has become the world's top five crops.

The growing conditions of potato the potato growing land likes cold and cool, and it is a crop that likes low temperature. The formation and growth of underground potato lumps need a loose, ventilated, cool and moist soil environment. The temperature requirements of potato were as follows: the optimum temperature for tuber growth was 16 ℃ ~ 18 ℃, and when the local temperature was higher than 25 ℃, the tuber stopped growing, while the suitable temperature for stem and leaf growth was 15 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, and stopped growing when it exceeded 39 ℃. Potato has been introduced into China for only more than 300 years. It is said that it was introduced by overseas Chinese from Southeast Asia, and China's potato planting area ranks second in the world in the 21st century. With high yield, rich nutrition and strong adaptability to the environment, potato has spread all over the world. Tropical and subtropical countries can cultivate and obtain high yield even in winter or cool season. How to detoxify potato? potato is rich in nutrition and resistant to storage. It has a short growth period and great potential to increase production, so it is fond of eating for people. However, potatoes are easy to be infected with a variety of viruses, resulting in smaller tubers, deformities, seed potato degradation and so on. The experimental results show that the detoxification of potato by stem tip tissue culture combined with virus detection and the production of virus-free seed potato can effectively prevent the degradation of seed potato and greatly increase the yield of potato. The main detoxification methods are as follows: 1. Take materials and disinfect the tubers to sprout. When the buds grow 4~5cm, cut the buds and peel off the outer leaves, rinse 40min under tap water, disinfect with bleach solution in the sterile room, rinse with aseptic water for 2 times.

2. Peel and inoculate in the sterile room, under 40 times dissection microscope, peel off the stem tip of the original base with one leaf, and inoculate it in the test tube of MS stem tip culture base. The MS shoot tip medium in the test tube consists of a large number of elements, trace elements, organic components and auxin, cytokinin, sucrose and Agar. The pH value is 5.7. after high pressure sterilization, one stem tip is inoculated in each test tube.

3. Under culture conditions, the shoot tips inoculated were cultured in the room under 25C and 1500~3000LX light, and grew into plantlets with 3-4 leaves in 3 months. Under aseptic condition, cut and propagate once, and some seedlings were taken for virus detection.

4. virus detection is an indispensable step for stem tip detoxification, which is often detected by differential hosts, that is, indicator plants or serological methods, to eliminate the stem tip seedlings with positive serological reaction or symptoms on the indicator plants in time. The stem tip seedlings without any reaction are used for reproduction.

How to increase the yield of potatoes

1. Removal of tail buds: it is proved by experiments that the yield of potato tail buds is only 1 / 3 of that of terminal buds or lateral buds, so tail buds should not be discarded when cutting seed potatoes.

two。 High-ridge cultivation: cultivating soil on both sides of high-ridge cultivation can not only increase the soil looseness of the rhizome in the living soil layer, which is conducive to the extension of grape stem, but also increase the ground temperature to meet the temperature needed for early rhizome development.

3. Formula fertilization: potato needs a lot of nutrients during the whole growth and development period. in areas with poor soil and low nutrient content, formula fertilization must be applied to meet the needs of crop growth and development for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, especially during the tuber expansion period. can greatly increase the yield.

4. Bud removal: the available part of the potato is the underground tuber, which does not need to be obtained by flowering and pollination at all, and the bud and flowering requires a lot of nutrients. If you want to get high yield, you must pinch off the buds in order to save nutrients and promote the growth of tubers.

5. Less shovel and more straight trip: the fleshy root of potato tuber can grow horizontally in the soil, often because the deep shovel cuts off the fleshy root, which artificially reduces the yield, so it only does not shovel after shoveling. The combination of soil pressing grass and manual sticking can effectively increase the yield.

6. Magnesium supplement to promote production: expert studies have proved that in the process of potato growth, especially during the expansion period of potato pieces, such as sufficient magnesium fertilizer, not only high yield, but also more starch accumulation, good quality, so when the plant is 45 cm high, each plant should be melted with 500kg 100g magnesium sulfate in water.

7. Foliar fertilizer spraying: in the case of sufficient base fertilizer, 0.1% magnesium sulfate, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1000 times triacontanol mixture were sprayed every 10 days, which could significantly increase the yield. If it can be supplemented by drying seeds, soaking seeds with rice alcohol, leaving only one strong bud per plant, breaking off small seedlings to fill the air to protect the whole seedling and other measures, the yield will be further increased.