How to prevent and cure zucchini virus disease

Zucchini, alias eggplant melon, bear (male) melon, white melon, wo melon, small melon, papaya, horn melon, Xungua and so on. Zucchini is an annual trailing herb, with three major strains of dwarf, semi-trailing and trailing. The advantage of the main vine of most varieties is obvious. Rich in nutrition, contains a variety of vitamins, old people and children like to eat.

Growth habits of zucchini

Temperature

It is a kind of melon vegetable which is more resistant to cold but not tolerant to high temperature. During the growing period, the optimum temperature was 20-25 ℃. The growth was slow below 15 ℃ and stopped below 8 ℃. Over 30 ℃, the growth is slow and diseases are very easy to occur. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 25-30 ℃, 13 ℃ can germinate, but very slowly, and 30-35 ℃ is the fastest, but easy to cause overgrowth. The flowering and fruiting period needs a higher temperature, and it is generally best to keep 22-25 ℃. Early-maturing varieties have stronger tolerance to low temperature. The lowest temperature for root elongation is 6 ℃, and the lowest temperature for root hair formation is 12 ℃. The fertilized fruit can develop normally when the night temperature is 8-10 ℃.

Light

The light intensity is moderate and can withstand weak light, but it is easy to grow when the light is insufficient. The photoperiod belongs to short-day plants, which is beneficial to the growth of stems and leaves under long-day conditions, and the melon-bearing period is earlier under short-day conditions.

Humidity

Like to be moist, not resistant to drought, especially in the melon period, the soil should be kept moist in order to obtain high yield. Virus diseases are easy to occur under the condition of high temperature and drought, but high temperature and high humidity are also easy to cause powdery mildew.

Soil

The requirement of soil is not strict, sand, loam and clay can be cultivated, and the loam with deep soil layer is easy to get high yield.

Pollination and fruit setting

Zucchini is a hermaphroditic pollinated crop. Artificial pollination should be carried out under the condition of greenhouse cultivation. 1. The time of pollination should be at 9: 10 a.m. every day. During pollination, the male flowers should be collected, the Corolla should be removed, and the stamens of the male flowers should be gently smeared on the stigma of the female flowers. Each male flower can be pollinated with 5 female flowers. 2, the use of angel foliar spray, instead of artificial dipping flower wipe melon, safety is not affected by temperature, at present, the main domestic manufacturer is Nangong Huayang Chemical Industry.

Fertilizer requirement

A large amount of fertilizer is required for the production of 1000kg commercial melon, which needs fertilizer equivalent to nitrogen 3.9-5.5kg, phosphorus pentoxide 2.1-2.3kg, potassium oxide 4-7.3kg.

How to prevent and cure zucchini virus disease?

Causes of zucchini virus disease

The temperature is too high, rainfall is scarce, the air is dry, aphids, whitefly and other pests occur seriously, resulting in serious occurrence of virus diseases. In some greenhouses, there are many weeds around the greenhouse, close to the diseased crops, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, overgrowth of plants, continuous cropping, manual operation without paying attention to disinfection and other factors aggravate the occurrence and prevalence of the disease. Because most of the plants have been infected by the virus, they still show symptoms in the greenhouse with higher temperatures, affecting the yield.

Prevention and treatment of zucchini virus disease:

1. Disease-resistant varieties try to choose disease-resistant and disease-tolerant varieties.

two。 Seed treatment is feasible in order to eliminate the virus carried on the seed. Soak the seeds in warm soup: soak the seeds in about 50 ℃ of warm water for 15 minutes. Soak the seeds with trisodium phosphate: soak the seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 30 minutes, remove and rinse with clean water. Soak the seeds with potassium permanganate: soak the seeds in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, then rinse dry with clean water. Dry heat disinfection: put the dried seeds in an incubator and keep them at 75 ℃ for 72 hours.

3. Land selection should avoid continuous cropping, deep ploughing, adequate application of organic fertilizer, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, so as to promote the healthy growth of plants and improve disease resistance. Spraying no-deep tillage soil conditioner 200 g / mu before planting made the deep soil loose and permeable, which was beneficial to the growth and development of root system.

4. The temperature in the seedling stage should be suitable, and the seedlings are susceptible to disease. Less root injury during transplantation can promote slow seedling and reduce the incidence of disease.

5. When planting in the field management, select the disease-free strong seedlings and eliminate the sick and weak seedlings. In pruning, forking, harvesting and other field operations, hands should often be washed and disinfected with soapy water to minimize the spread of artificial juice. Tobacco has a virus and smokers are not allowed to enter. Clean the countryside in time and pull out the diseased plants. The diseased plant should be buried or burned deeply to reduce the source of the disease. Do not squat seedlings excessively after planting slow seedlings. In the high temperature and dry season, small water should be watered frequently to keep the field moist and reduce the ground temperature. Topdressing by stages, increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and spraying 1/10000 solution of natural brassine every 20 days can improve the disease resistance of the plant.

6. The control of whitefly and aphids can reduce the transmission vector and avoid the occurrence of diseases. In addition to chemical control, it can also be blocked by gauze.

7. The application of attenuated vaccine N14 and satellite virus S52 can stimulate the plant to produce disease resistance. The commonly used methods are: soak the roots and inoculate the seedlings, wash the soil, soak them in the 100-fold solution of the vaccine, take out and transplant them after 30 mi 60 minutes; spray gun inoculation, in 100 ml 100-fold vaccination solution, add 0.5 g 400 Mel 600 sieve carborundum, shake well, spray and inoculate with a spray gun at the seedling stage of 1 Mel 3 leaves. Passivation substances: using high-protein substances such as soybean milk, milk and fish blood, diluted 100 times with water, once every 10 days, spraying for 5 times, can form a film on the leaf surface, weaken the infection ability of the virus and reduce its sharpness.

In addition, there is plant virus passivator-912, add a bag of 75 grams of medicine powder to a small amount of water to make a paste, then add 1 kilogram of boiled water, soak at 100 ℃ for 12 hours, stir well, and then add 15 kilograms of water after cooling. Spray once in the early and late stages respectively after planting, early fruit stage and full fruit stage. Protective material: using 200 murine 500 times solution of high lipid membrane, spraying on the leaf surface before the disease, once every 7 mures for 10 days, spraying 3 murine for 4 times, can form a film on the leaf surface to prevent and reduce the invasion of virus. Increasing resistance substance: 83 increasing agent can improve plant disease resistance, prevent virus infection, and reduce the speed of virus dispersion in the plant. 7.5 kg of original solution and 750 kg of water per hectare were sprayed once respectively at the 3-leaf stage of seedlings, 1 week before transplanting and 1 week after planting slow seedlings. In addition, there are 20% dukexing 400 Mel 500-fold solution, antiviral agent 1 300 Mel 400-fold solution, 25% antiviral soluble powder 400 Mel 600-fold solution, 20% Vijing 400 Mel 600-fold solution, and Vioxin 500-fold solution. One of the above-mentioned drugs, once every 7 days, spray 2 Mel 3 times in a row. The above agents all have a certain control effect, but the therapeutic effect is not significant.

In addition, for plants with serious virus diseases, they should be pulled out immediately and buried deeply. If it is not serious, the management and promotion results can be strengthened and removed in February next spring.