How to cultivate beans for high yield

Vigna unguiculata, also known as cowpea, is a vegetable rich in summer. Any of various cultivated species of the genus cowpea that form long pods and are annual twining herbs. Alias beans, longhorn beans, belt beans, undress beans. Contains a variety of vitamins and minerals. Tender pods are fleshy, fried, crisp and tender, and can also be hot and salted or pickled. The pods are long and tubular, crisp and soft, commonly seen in white beans and green beans. When choosing and buying beans, beans with uniform thickness, bright color, transparent and glossy, and full grains are the best, while beans with cracks, skin wrinkles, thin seedless strips and insect marks on the skin are not suitable to buy. Beans are nutritious and are meat in vegetables.

Morphological characteristics of beans

Annual, herbaceous vines or suberect herbs, sometimes apically twining. Stem subglabrous. Pinnately compound leaves 3-foliolate; stipules lanceolate, ca. 1 cm, inserted into a short distance, linear; leaflets ovate-rhombic, 5-15 cm long, 4-6 cm wide, apex acute, margin entire or subentire, sometimes lavender, glabrous. Racemes axillary, long pedicellate; flowers 2-6 clustered at the tip of inflorescence, often with fleshy dense glands between pedicels; calyx light green, campanulate, 6-10 mm long, lobed teeth lanceolate; Corolla yellow-white and slightly purplish, ca. 2 cm long, each petal petiolate, upper petal oblate, ca. 2 cm wide, apex retuse, base slightly auriculate, wing slightly triangular, keel slightly curved; ovary linear, hairy. Pods pendulous, erect or obliquely spreading, linear, 7.5-70 (90) cm long and 6-10 mm wide, slightly fleshy and swollen or solid, with many seeds; seeds long elliptic or Terete or slightly reniform, 6-12 mm long, yellowish white, dark red or other colors. The florescence is from May to August.

How can beans be cultivated for high yield?

First, sowing and raising seedlings generally adopt the method of direct seeding. However, if there are conditions for low temperature in early spring, the method of raising seedlings and transplanting in greenhouse or small arch shed can be adopted, and the first pair of true leaves should be planted in time about 8-10 days after sowing. The border surface can also be covered with plastic film after sowing to increase the ground temperature.

Second, reasonable close planting should be planted in fields with high drainage, neutral or slightly acidic loam or sandy loam. During soil preparation, deep ditches and high beds should be set up, and the border soil should be deeply turned and exposed. The general width of the border in Guangzhou is 1.5-1.8 meters, double-row planting, 2 grains per hole, and the distance between plants is about 15 cm. Can also be interplanted with leafy vegetables, using single-row planting, between the border to grow cabbage, cabbage and other vegetables.

Third, rational fertilization should pay attention to the application of sufficient base fertilizer, generally applying 1000-1500 kg of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of superphosphate and 20-30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Thin human feces and urine can be applied for 1 or 2 times in seedling stage. During the flowering and podding period, topdressing should be applied in time to prevent premature senescence. 20 kg compound fertilizer should be applied per mu, and then every 7-10 days. Extra-root topdressing should be carried out if necessary to reduce flower and pod drop. After the full pod stage, we should continue to strengthen fertilizer and water management, promote plant "turning flowers", prolong the harvest period and increase the yield of beans.

Fourth, field management.

1. Bamboo vine introduction: generally, when the seedling grows to 30cm to 40cm, it is used to draw the vine. The introduction of vines should be carried out in sunny days when the climate is cool, and it is appropriate to draw about 4 vines from each hedge bamboo.

two。 Fertilizer and water management: bean fertilization should be based on base fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. When the base fertilizer was combined with the border, 15002000 kg of high-quality soil fertilizer and 20kg of compound fertilizer were applied, and 30kg of Xingwang fruit and vegetable compound fertilizer was applied on both sides of the border at the early flowering stage. Thin topdressing should be applied at the seedling stage, and the fertilization concentration should be gradually increased with the growth of the plant, and each topdressing should be carried out on a sunny day. According to the growth during the harvest, topdressing is applied as appropriate.

Beans avoid dampness in the whole growing period, and too wet soil can easily lead to overgrowth or rotting roots, especially after sowing, seeds absorb too much water and sprout too quickly, so that the tissue of seedlings is delicate, stress resistance is weakened, and it is easy to cause overgrowth or dead seedlings. Therefore, sowing should be carried out on a sunny day, and sow before sowing in water between the sowing rows, and do not drench within 2-3 days after sowing. Appropriate amount of water is drenched when the seeds begin to emerge, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of the seedlings. More water is needed during flowering and podding, especially in autumn when the temperature is high and water evaporation is large, so water should be drenched in the morning and evening to regulate the microclimate in the field.

Fourth, pest control.

Bean diseases are mainly root rot and rust. The root rot should be rotated and managed in the field according to the principle of "giving priority to prevention and combination of prevention and control". At the same time, cover the seeds with 50% carbendazim 1 kg plus fine soil 400 kg 500 kg. At the initial stage of the disease, the root was drenched with 37% root rot 200 × 300 solution or dimethazon 1000 × 1500 times, once every 3 days and 2 times in a row. Rust can be sprayed with colloidal sulfur 200g 250 times or 15% vermicellin wettable powder 150g 200g with 75kg water. The main pests are bean pod borer and cowpea pod borer, which can be sprayed with 25% insecticidal double water agent 500 times or 50 grams 75 grams of water and 60 kilograms of water every 7 to 10 days from budding to early flowering, 2 times in a row.