How to grow beans and set more pods?

Vigna unguiculata, also known as cowpea, is a vegetable rich in summer. Any of various cultivated species of the genus cowpea that form long pods and are annual twining herbs. Alias beans, longhorn beans, belt beans, undress beans. Contains a variety of vitamins and minerals. Tender pods are fleshy, fried, crisp and tender, and can also be hot and salted or pickled. The pods are long and tubular, crisp and soft, often with white beans, green beans and purple beans. When choosing and buying beans, beans with uniform thickness, bright color, transparent and glossy, and full grains are the best, while beans with cracks, skin wrinkles, thin seedless strips and insect marks on the skin are not suitable to buy. Beans are nutritious and are meat in vegetables.

The growing environment of beans

The regeneration ability of bean root system is weak, and direct seeding is often used. The optimum temperature for germination is 25-30 ℃, and the air temperature should be above 20 ℃ when sowing. The pot soil of ① should be watered thoroughly before sowing, with 3-4 seeds per hole and covered with about 2~3cm. After ② germinated, there were 2 to 3 diseased and weak seedlings in each hole, and 1 to 2 seedlings in each hole when there were 3 to 4 true leaves. If transplanting is needed, 2 true leaves can be grown 3-4 weeks after germination, and the first compound leaf can be planted when the first compound leaf is unfolded, then watered thoroughly, and then enter the normal management after survival. After frost breaking, the seedling age is 20-25 days, and the planting field should apply more rotten organic fertilizer, 3000~5000kg per mu, calcium superphosphate 25~30kg, plant ash 50~100kg or potassium sulfate 10~20kg, planting density row spacing 66cm, hole spacing 10~20cm, 3000,500 holes per mu. (the seedling raising method of two or three plants can be adopted to facilitate later planting). After planting, the seedlings were watered slowly, and the seedlings were deeply ploughed and squatted for 5 days to promote the development of root system. A bracket should be set up for 5 to 6 true leaves. At the initial stage, the vine should be pulled on the shelf counterclockwise and fixed with rope, usually at noon or afternoon on a sunny day; the winding ability in the later stage is very strong and there is no need for manual assistance.

Fertilization should be less in the early stage, and after planting survives. You can apply thin and mature organic fertilizer once. From bud to mature stage, fertilize once every 7-10 days, pay attention to increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The proportion of potash fertilizer was fertilized continuously for 2 to 3 times. Warm, suitable temperature for growth 2O~3O ℃, slow growth below 15 ℃, freezing injury below 5 ℃, high temperature tolerance, flowering and pod formation at 35 ℃, but poor quality. It is more resistant to drought but not resistant to waterlogging, and the early stage should be properly controlled. When about half of the inflorescences on the main vine begin to bear pods, they should be fully watered to ensure that the soil is moist.

When the main vine grows the first inflorescence, all the lateral branches below the inflorescence should be removed, and the lateral branches above the inflorescence should be heart-picked, leaving 2 leaves at the base; when the main vine is full of support, hit the top to promote the lower side branches to germinate flower buds. Inflorescences racemose, with 2-5 pairs of flowers, but often bear only 1 pair of pods, often after the first pair of pods are picked, the second pair of flower buds begin to develop or bear fruit; if adequate fertilizer and water, proper maintenance, all flowers on the inflorescence can bear pods. It is easy to sprout and generally does not need to soak the seeds. The bottom soil for raising seedlings should be tight, and the thick loam soil covered with 6cm is the best to prevent the root group from being damaged when moving seedlings into the soil. Therefore, when the seedlings have a pair of true leaves, they can be transplanted with soil, not large seedlings. If possible, two or three seedlings can be raised in nutrition bowls or burrow plates. After frost breaking, the seedling age is 20-25 days, the planting field should apply more organic fertilizer, the planting density is 6 to 1 per mu, slow seedling water is irrigated after planting, and squatting seedlings in deep ploughing for 5-8 days. After promoting root development and frosting, the open-field variety density is row spacing 66~70cm, plant spacing 25~30cm. Use your feet to make the soil and seeds full after sowing.

Beans are difficult to manage is known to many vegetable farmers, easy to steep grow difficult to set pods, and even drop flowers and pods occur from time to time, so what is the reason for the difficulty of setting pods? How to manage in order to sit more pods?

1. The planting density should be reasonable. The best planting age is when the heart leaves of bean seedlings are just unfolded. The reasonable row spacing of beans is generally 60 cm in small rows, 80 cm in large rows and 1.8 cm in height. The higher the frame is, the larger the row spacing should be, and the plant spacing is about 45 cm, which is generally planted in two plants. If the planting density is too high, it will cause the bean plant to grow too hard to set pods.

Second, the temperature difference between day and night should ensure that beans have strong heat resistance and are not resistant to freezing, and the suitable growth temperature is 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. During the flowering and pod setting period, the daytime temperature and night temperature and the temperature difference between day and night should be well grasped. The suitable growth temperature of bean during flowering period should not exceed 30 ℃ in daytime and 18 ℃ at night. Therefore, to remind all bean growers to put off the shed time, it is necessary to postpone the shed time with the increase of air temperature. the standard of soya bean flowering and pod setting period is that the greenhouse temperature reaches 17 ℃.

Third, the light conditions should be suitable for planting beans in the greenhouse, although the requirements for light hours are not strict, but the requirements for light intensity are relatively high, especially during the period of flowering and pod setting, if the light is insufficient, it will cause beans to drop flowers and pods.

Fourth, soil moisture and nutrients should be appropriate according to the local soil moisture, flexible control of watering time and amount of watering. The most basic thing in the whole growing period of beans should be watered: after planting, the first watering must be thoroughly, otherwise the plants are uneven; when the vine grows to 0.6 meters high, the second water is watered for the second time; the most important thing for bean production is to water beans without pods, so the third water should be watered before the early flowering stage, and combined with watering to promote flowers and fruit protectors, which is more conducive to bean flowering and pod setting. After setting pods, you should pour a little water again to promote the expansion and elongation of beans. In addition, nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied, otherwise it will cause excessive growth of bean vine leaves and delay flowering and pod setting. Phosphate fertilizer should be applied to promote the formation of root nodules and enhance its nitrogen fixation ability.