Key points of Tomato Cuttage cultivation techniques

Tomato (Tomato) alias tomato, persimmon, the ancient name of June persimmon, good news three yuan. In Peru and Mexico, it was originally called "wolf peach". The fruit is rich in nutrition and has special flavor. It can be eaten raw, cooked and processed into ketchup, juice or whole fruit cans. Tomato is one of the most widely cultivated fruits and vegetables in the world.

Tomato (Tomato) alias tomato, persimmon, the ancient name of June persimmon, good news three yuan. In Peru and Mexico, it was originally called "wolf peach". The United States, the Soviet Union, Italy and China are the main producing countries. There are large greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and other protected areas for cultivation in European and American countries, China and Japan. It is widely planted in all parts of China. The cultivated area continues to expand.

Tomato belongs to Solanaceae herbs, including limited growth type, semi-finite growth type and infinite growth type. It can grow for many years when the conditions are right. The height of the plant is 0.7 tomato (18 pieces) ~ 2m. The whole plant is covered with sticky glandular hairs. The stem is semi-erect or semi-vine, easy to lodge, with a height of 0.7-1.0m or 1.0m-1.3m. The branching ability of the stem is strong, the adventitious root is easy to grow on the stem node, the stem is easy to lodge, and if it touches the ground, it takes root, so the tomato cutting propagation is easy to survive. Leaves odd-pinnately compound or pinnately parted, alternate; leaves 5-40 cm long; leaflets extremely irregular, varying in size, often 5-9, ovate or oblong, long 5~7cm, front acuminate, margin irregularly serrated or lobed, locally askew, petiolulate. Flowers are bisexual, yellow, self-pollinated, compound racemes.

Flowers 3-9, in lateral inflorescences; Calyx 5-7-lobed, lobes lanceolate to linear, persistent when fruiting; Corolla yellow, radiate, 5-7-lobed, ca. 2cm in diam.; stamens 5-7, inserted in tube, filaments short, anthers semi-aggregate, or in a cone around pistil; ovary 2-to many-loculed, stigma shaped. Fruit is berries, berries flat globular or subglobular, fleshy and succulent, orange or bright red, smooth. The seed is flat, reniform, grayish yellow, 1000-grain weight 3.0-3.3 g, life span 3-4 years. Flower and fruit in summer and autumn. The root system is developed and the regeneration ability is strong, but most of the root groups are distributed in the soil layer of 30~50cm.

Key points of Tomato Cuttage cultivation techniques

Variety characteristics

The tomato variety used is 139 infinite growth type, the growth period is as long as 9-12 months, the plant is tall, the growth potential is strong, the root system is developed, the Internode is long, the flowering ability is good, the fruit setting rate is high, and the disease resistance is stronger than the general cultivated varieties. It is a small fruit with a weight of 10-15 grams, neat fruit shape, smooth and glossy fruit surface, very small navel, sweet and mellow fruit, good marketability and storage resistance, with an average yield of 2500-3200 kg (varies with cultivation season and cultivation management level).

Advantages of cutting cultivation

The stem of tomato is semi-erect and easy to grow adventitious roots, which is used for cutting propagation.

The main results are as follows: 1. The price of each imported tomato seed is 0.8-1.0 yuan, but the cost per cuttage is only 0.05 yuan, and dozens of cuttings can be produced per tomato plant.

2. The seedling period is about 20-30 days from cuttage to survival, which is about 10-20 days shorter than that of general sowing.

3, the management is simple, the cuttage seedling grows neatly, slows down the seedling quickly, easy to manage, can harvest 45-60 days after planting, the product is on the market early, the price is high.

Pruning treatment

Before cutting, the side branches of tomato plants are reserved first. After the side branches grow out, the sturdy and vigorous side branches are selected from the tomato plants, the top of the side branches is cut off, the bottom of the side branches is 10-15 cm long, the side branches are left with 3. 4 leaflets, 10-20 branches are tied into a handful, soak the base of the side branches with 1000 methylol topjin solution 10 mg, soak the base of the side branches with 1 kg of water, and take out immediately, which is beneficial to wound sterilization. Then put 2-3 cm at the bottom of the side branch into 1000 times dilution of 50% ethyl tea soluble powder and soak 1 Mel for 2 hours to induce new roots.

Management techniques of cutting seedlings

Get the seedbed ready. The cutting seedling bed requires fields with loose and fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation and good ventilation. Before cutting, it is necessary to turn the soil deeply, apply basic fertilizer, and disinfect the nursery bed with carbendazim or potassium permanganate. Fine rake flat, make a bed, the width of the bed is 1-1.2 meters. Open a small ditch at an interval of 10 cm, with a depth of 3-5 cm, and irrigate, then release the cuttings at a distance of 10 cm and cover the sifted seedbed soil. The thickness of soil cover accounts for 1 / 3 of the length of cuttings.

Immediately after cutting, a small arch shed should be set up to shade, keep warm and moisturize, so as to avoid wilting of cuttings caused by high temperature, strong light or low temperature.

The temperature in the small arch shed should be kept at 25-30 ℃ and the humidity should be 80% Mel 85%, which can promote the occurrence of new roots. After 7 days of cutting, the root system on the stem node at the base of the cuttings has germinated a large number, and the shade can be removed gradually, so that the cuttings can be seen gradually. After 20 days, the root system grows into shape, and the root length is up to 5 cm, which can be cut into seedlings for hoarding seedlings, and can be planted after 7-10 days.

Post-planting management

1. Basic fertilizer 4000-5000 kg of mature chicken manure, 100kg of superphosphate, 30-40kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or diammonium phosphate.

2. Reasonable close planting should adopt the way of falling vine for many times and growing continuously, the tomato should not be pinched, and the planting density should not be too high. Generally according to large row spacing of 90-100cm, small row spacing of 60-70cm, plant spacing of 30-35cm, about 2200 plants per 667m 'greenhouse.

3. Temperature and humidity management the variety has good cold tolerance, and the plant can grow normally when the low temperature is not lower than 7C in winter, so it is suitable for cultivation in protected area in winter. After planting, in order to promote slow seedling, the temperature should be 25-28%, the humidity is 80%, and the ground temperature is above 12%. After seedling retardation, the temperature was controlled at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 15 ℃ at night.

Plant adjustment

The main results are as follows: (1) the tomato seedlings survived by chemical control cuttings grow fast and the stems are slightly thin. in order to make the stems stout, the plants can be irrigated with 100-fold solution of Aifengling according to the dosage of 250 grams per plant.

(2) single-stem pruning should be adopted to get rid of the new side branches in time. Pruning should be carried out on a sunny day to prevent the plant wound from being infected by germs.

(3) after timely fruit thinning, flowering and fruit setting, 30-40 fruits of uniform size were left in each ear, and the rest of the young fruits were thinned out.

(4) the plants in the south should fall vine once in 7-10 days in the solar greenhouse at the right time. In sunny days, the plant falls once every 10-15 days, so that the plant leader is always in the oblique shape of low in the south and high in the north, which is beneficial to the light of the plant. Every time the vine falls, the leaves below the bottom fruit should be knocked off to facilitate ventilation between the plants. The fallen vines should be coiled into a ring or placed in the same direction, and the fallen vines and fruits should be tied up with a short bamboo pole and tied up with plastic rope so that they are about 20 cm from the ground. The falling vine should be carried out in the afternoon on a sunny day, when the tenacity of the main stem is strong and not easy to break.

Do a good job in field hygiene management to clean up the cut side branches, old diseased leaves and weeds out of the greenhouse in time, keep the field clean and put an end to the source of diseases and insect pests.