How to cultivate radish in summer

Radish, rhizome vegetables, also known as radish, water radish, root fleshy, oblong, spherical or conical, originated in China, there are many varieties, there are green, red and white skin. It has many kinds of dish and medicinal value.

Growth and development of radish

The growth and development process of radish can be divided into vegetative growth stage, seedling stage and meat planting radish plasmic root growth stage.

Temperature requirements of radish

The optimum temperature for radish seed germination was 20-25 ℃, and the initial germination temperature was 2-3 ℃. The seedling stage can tolerate the higher temperature of 25 ℃ and the low temperature of-2 to-3 ℃ for a short time. The optimum temperature for leaf growth was 18-22 ℃, and the optimum temperature for endoplasmic root growth was 15-18 ℃. The growth of plants higher than 25 ℃ is weak and the product quality is poor, so the suitable temperature for radish growth is high in the early stage and low in the later stage, and the cultivation of alpine radish is often low in the early stage. If the cultivation is covered with plastic film, it can not be affected by temperature. At present, cold-tolerant varieties in Korea are selected for a wide range of adaptation, and the growth and quality are not affected as long as the temperature in the early stage is not lower than 10 ℃. The high temperature during the day and the low temperature at night in summer and autumn are also beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients and the expansion of endoplasmic roots.

Radish cultivation still has certain requirements for temperature, so summer radish must pay attention to management, so how to cultivate radish in summer?

Using improved varieties: the selection of good varieties is a prerequisite for high quality and high yield of over-summer radish. Therefore, early-maturing radish varieties with good heat tolerance and strong stress resistance must be selected when cultivating radish in high temperature season in midsummer.

Apply sufficient base fertilizer:

Early-maturing radish has a short growth period and high requirements for nutrients, so it must be combined with soil preparation to apply sufficient base fertilizer. The amount of base fertilizer should account for 70% of the total fertilizer application, and 4000 kg of fully mature farm manure and 30 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied per mu. Radish should be cultivated in deep trench and high border, which is 25m high and 30cm high.

Sowing and raising seedlings:

When radish is cultivated in summer and early autumn, it can be sown in batches from May to August according to the market demand in summer and autumn. There are two sowing methods: on-demand sowing and sowing, which can be reasonably selected according to the type of variety. Large fruit type varieties should be sown on demand, with plant spacing of 20 cm and row spacing of 35 cm, shallow sowing holes and covering seeds with fine soil after sowing; small fruit type varieties can be sowed and keep a plant spacing of 6 cm and 12 cm after seedlings. After sowing, the border surface was covered with straw or sunshade net to prevent sunburn, rainstorm erosion, fertilizer and water loss and so on. Straw and sunshade net should be removed in time after finishing the seedling, so as not to press the seedling or cause the seedling to be weak. Seedling stage must be early seedling, late seedling. The seedlings grew rapidly after being unearthed, and the seedlings were fixed at the stage of 5 Mel and 6 leaves when the seedlings grew 2 leaves and 4 leaves respectively.

Fertilizer and water management:

Radish needs more water, and the amount of water is closely related to the yield and quality of radish. Too much water, radish rough skin, but also easy to cause root cracking and rot; lack of water in the seedling stage, prone to virus disease. When lack of fertilizer and water, radish fleshy root is small and woody, bitter and spicy, easy to bran heart. Cultivation should be based on the characteristics of each growing period of radish and the need for water balanced water supply, do not suddenly dry and wet. Water enough after sowing, and most of the seeds should be watered again after emergence to benefit the whole seedling. After planting, the seedlings will soon enter the peak period of leaf growth and should be watered appropriately. In the later stage of vegetative growth, water should be properly controlled to prevent excessive growth of leaves and affect the growth of fleshy roots. When the plant grows 13 leaves, the succulent root enters the period of rapid growth, at this time the supply of fertilizer and water should be sufficient, and it can be watered flexibly according to the weather and soil conditions.

It must be drained in time after heavy rain to prevent excessive water retting, resulting in split or rotten roots. High temperature and drought season should adhere to the evening watering, do not water at noon, to prevent tender leaves withered and fleshy roots rot, stop watering 7 days before harvest. Radish also has special requirements for nutrients, boron deficiency will make the fleshy root black and bran heart. In the period of fleshy root expansion, potash fertilizer should be applied properly, after emergence to before seedling setting, a small amount of fertilizer should be applied when the seedlings grow 2 true leaves, and once after the second interseedling combined with intermediate ploughing and weeding. During the period from "breaking white" to "bare shoulder" of radish, the second topdressing was carried out, and the growth of seedlings was looked at later. It should be noted that topdressing should not be close to the fleshy root so as not to burn the root. Weeding in the middle tillage can be combined with irrigation and fertilization, the middle tillage should be deep and then shallow, near and then far, and stop the middle tillage after closing the row.