Field management techniques of bracken

Bracken, also known as bracken, leading vegetables, cat claws, fist vegetables, grow in the mountain soil moist, fertile, deep soil on the sunny slope. Its rhizome is stout and hypertrophic, and the petiole is erect and erect, often as high as about 60 cm. In spring, when its tender leaves have just grown and are still in curl, people pick it down for consumption.

Morphological characteristics of bracken

Bracken is a perennial herb of Polypodiaceae. The underground rhizome is dark brown, long and horizontally extended, 0.6 to 0.8 cm in diameter, more than 10 cm in length, and up to 30 cm in length. Leaves grow from the underground stem, for three pinnately compound leaves, the total length can reach more than 100 cm, slightly triangular. First lobe opposite, second lobe oblong-lanceolate, pinnately divided, lobules linear-oblong, glabrous or hairy only on abaxial midvein, veinlets pinnately branched. The leaf margin curls inward. The petiole has fine hairs when the petiole is tender, and the stem is smooth and the hairs disappear after herbaceous. At the beginning of summer, the reproductive organs, the ascomycetes, are ochre-brown in the leaves. Bracken plants are generally up to one meter tall, with long roots and dark brown fluff. The new leaves in early spring are in the shape of trigeminal fists. The petiole leaves are fresh and tender, covered with white fluff, and this is the gathering period. The petiole is long 30~100cm, the leaf blade is triangular, the leaf is long 60~150cm, the width is 30cm 60cm, the second pinnate division is 2 times, the lower pinna is opposite, the brown sporangium is born continuously on the edge of the leaf, and there is a double cyst cover. Every 100 grams of fresh bracken contains 0.43 grams of protein, 0.39 grams of fat, 3.6 grams of sugars, 0.45 grams of organic acids and a variety of vitamins. Can be used as vegetables can be made Yee sugar, biscuits, instead of lotus root powder and drug additives. Regular consumption can treat hypertension, dizziness, uterine bleeding, arthritis and other diseases, and has a preventive effect on measles and influenza.

Field management techniques of bracken

The main results are as follows: 1) fertilization and open field cultivation needs to be renewed once in 3 ~ 4 years, so it is necessary to apply sufficient farm manure and phosphate fertilizer before planting, the application rate is 1 000-1500 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 10 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate. After the second year, chicken, pig and horse dung are applied every autumn to cover the soil and turn it into the soil layer. This not only increases the soil fertility and loosens the soil, but also plays the role of heat preservation, cold protection and moisturizing. If the dung source is insufficient, it can also cover the fallen leaves, and it also has a certain effect.

2) when watering and drainage planting, water should be irrigated in the planting ditch to ensure the planting survival rate. The stagnant water in the ground in the rainy season should be removed in time to avoid waterlogging.

3) after planting the rhizome covered with bracken, in order to prevent drought and improve the survival rate, the ground should be covered with rice straw, deciduous leaves and a thickness of 2-3 cm. Plastic film mulching can be tried if possible. This will not only keep warm, but also prevent weeds from growing.

4) loosening soil and removing leather in order to prevent soil consolidation and grass famine, loosening soil and weeding 2 or 3 times a year during the growing period, so that there are no weeds in the field as far as possible.

5) Renewal rhizome: the main rhizome of bracken will gradually age and die after a few years, so it should be renewed. In general, in the 3-4-year-old field, a wheeled tractor with a plough knife will cut off part of the rhizome of the fern in autumn, which can ensure the continuous harvest without a substantial reduction in yield.

After planting in the first year, the task of field management is to catch seedlings, so that the seedlings are neat and strong, and the soil moisture must be guaranteed at 55% to 60%. After watering, the leaves or straw can be covered, and the hay can avoid light and moisturize. During the growth and development period, more ploughing and weeding can leave less growing grass to shade bracken, and irrigate once when freezing in winter, that is, to irrigate winter water; the task of the second year is to cultivate roots and make them stout to form multiple buds. When the soil layer melts 6 cm, trench is opened in the middle of rows, with a depth of 8-10 cm, 2000 kg of chicken manure per mu or 1000 kg of plant ash, combined with covering soil, watering once, and other management is the same as in the first year. After thawing the earth in the third year, use a rake to loosen the surface soil, not too deep, generally about 3 cm, apply 2000 kg of chicken manure per mu to the surface, irrigate once and permeate water, other management is the same as the previous year; the management after the fourth year is the same as the third year.

6) introduction of seedlings: it is generally better at the beginning of the spring growing season to keep the air and soil moist during transportation.

Introduction of rhizomes: autumn is the best time, after the stems and leaves withered on the ground, the earth is dug before freezing; in spring, before emergence. The length of the rhizome should have more than two bud clusters, the thickness should be 7-10 mm, and an erect bud should have more than 10 mm roots. Erect buds must be well protected, which is the key to the success of introduction and cultivation.

7) planting: soil preparation and fertilization: deep loosening in autumn, combined with soil preparation in spring, 2000 kg of pure chicken manure per mu and then making a bed. The above-ground bed, the underground bed and the flat bed are all available. The bed surface is 1cm wide and 2m wide, 20cm high and 15cm long, leaving a 50 cm working path between the beds.

Planting rhizome: open a planting ditch 10 cm wide and 15 cm deep according to 25 cm row spacing, and adjust the root section according to 5 cm bud spacing, then cover soil 10 cm, pour water thoroughly, cover soil 5 cm again, and hold flat with a rake.

Transplanting seedlings: when the seedlings are 10-12 cm high, bring tuo to transplant. When transplanting, dig the planting hole with a diameter of 20 cm and a depth of 15 cm, put it according to the density of 10 plants per square meter, the plant row spacing is 30 cm, and then fill 12 cm around the seedling with soil, pour water once and cover the soil immediately.