Standardized cultivation techniques of single-season Zizania caduciflora

Zizania caduciflora, also known as high melon, bamboo shoots, bamboo shoots, bamboo shoots. It is a perennial perennial herb of the genus Gramineae. It is divided into double season Zizania latifolia and single season Zizania latifolia (or divided into one mature Zizania latifolia and two cropping Zizania latifolia). The yield of double cropping Zizania latifolia (double cropping Zizania latifolia) is higher and the quality is good. The ancients called Zizania latifolia "Zizania latifolia". Before the Tang Dynasty, Zizania caduciflora was cultivated as a food crop, and its seeds were called rice or carved Hu, which was one of the "six grains" (millet, sorghum, wheat and wild rice).

Morphological characteristics of Zizania caduciflora

Zizania caduciflora is a perennial aquatic root plant of Gramineae. The plant is 1.6-2 meters high and has 5-8 leaves, which are made up of leaves and leaf sheaths. There is a triangular leaf pillow at the junction of the leaf blade and the leaf sheath, which is called "Zizania caduciflora eye". The leaf sheaths clasped with each other from the ground up to the left and right to form a pseudostem. The stem can be divided into aboveground stem and underground stem, the aboveground stem is short and partially buried in the soil, and most tillers occur on it. The underground stem is a stolon, which overwinters in the soil, and its tip buds sprout new plants in the following spring, and the new plants can produce new tillers. Because the plant of Zizania caduciflora is parasitic with smut fungus, when bolting in early summer or autumn, the flower stem tissue on the main stem and the shortened stem of early tillering is stimulated by indoleacetic acid, which is the metabolite of mycelium. At the basal 2-7 nodes, the meristematic cells proliferate and expand into tender fleshy stems (galls), that is, edible Zizania caduciflora.

Male Zizania latifolia refers to a small number of plants with strong disease resistance, the hyphae of smut fungus can not invade and can not form Zizania caduciflora, and the flower stem elongates and bolts and blossoms in summer and autumn. Grey Zizania latifolia means that some plants are overripe or the mycelium grows rapidly, so that the interior of Zizania latifolia is full of dark-brown spores, resulting in poor quality and inedible. The bolting of male Zizania latifolia is higher than that of female Zizania latifolia, so it is easy to identify and should be pulled out by root in time, and the root plant should not be left in the soil.

Standardized cultivation techniques of single-season Zizania caduciflora

Zizania caduciflora can be divided into single season and double season. Single season Zizania latifolia, also known as a season of Zizania latifolia, only harvest one crop at a time, usually harvested from September to October. Double-season Zizania latifolia, also known as double-cropping Zizania latifolia, can be harvested once, the first harvest in autumn, called autumn Zizania latifolia, and the second harvest in the following summer, known as summer Zizania latifolia. The cultivation techniques of single season are introduced as follows:

I. selection of land and land preparation

Zizania caduciflora is not strict on soil, so we can choose medium-and low-yield fields with deep soil layer and convenient irrigation, or fields with high altitude, good drainage and irrigation conditions, fertile soil layer and strong ability of water conservation and drought resistance. Before planting, the field will be ploughed and leveled so that the mud is rotten and the root is deeply rooted.

2. Seedling raising and transplanting

Single season Zizania caduciflora is usually planted from March to April. For those who choose the local old Zizania caduciflora pier to raise seedlings, usually dig up the pre-selected Zizania caduciflora pier in front of the Winter Solstice, place it flat in a field corner or ditch, and irrigate it in shallow water for the winter. After raising the pier, cut off most of the surrounding old roots to facilitate the growth of new roots in the following year. After the Beginning of Spring, when the temperature rebounded and the Zizania caduciflora root began to sprout, 20% of the people were spilled with feces and urine once. If you apply stand-up fertilizer again 5 days before planting, you can sprinkle an appropriate amount of urea. Zizania caduciflora is often planted in wide and narrow rows, with 1.2 m wide rows, 0.8 m narrow rows and 0.4 m cluster spacing, with 3 seedlings per clump and 1 300-1500 clumps per 667 square meters. Before insertion, the old root of the seedling should be cut off 0.2~0.4cm, the planting depth should not float the seedling, not crooked seedling is appropriate, do not insert too deep. The old Zizania caduciflora field before and after Grain Rain thinning seedlings, thinning seedlings should grasp the principle of "getting rid of density, leaving thin, weak and strong, and leaving inside and outside".

III. Field management

1. Fertilize. Zizania caduciflora has a long growing period and needs more fertilizer, which requires sufficient base fertilizer and timely topdressing. ① base fertilizer. Combined with soil preparation every 667m2 deep rake application of human and animal manure 1700~2000kg, or ammonium bicarbonate 50kg plus superphosphate 40kg as base fertilizer. ② topdressing. 10-15 days after planting, apply 400~500kg in human feces and urine, or ammonium bicarbonate 25kg plus calcium superphosphate lOkg every 667m2, pay attention to ammonium bicarbonate in the cloudy afternoon, and spread it at the 0.2cm of Zizania caduciflora seedlings to prevent from burning seedlings; topdressing "tiller fertilizer" once a month after planting, applying urea 10kg 15kg per 667m2; topdressing "pregnant Zizania latifolia fertilizer" at the end of July, applying urea 15kg per 667m2.

two。 Irrigation. The irrigation depth is determined according to the different growth period of Zizania caduciflora. Keep 0.3cm in shallow water after planting, gradually deepen the water layer with the growth of Zizania latifolia seedlings, keep 0.5~0.7cm deep water before tillering, keep 1~1.3cm deep water in late tillering to control ineffective tillering, and deepen to 1.7~2cm during pregnancy to make Zizania caduciflora meat clean and fat.

3. Ploughing and peeling leaves. From planting to closing, Zizania caduciflora should carry out two times of intermediate tillage and weeding and one time of leaf peeling. Weeding in the middle tillage was carried out half a month after planting and before closing, and the main purpose of leaf peeling was to peel off the old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves.

4. Pest control. The main diseases of ① are rust and sheath blight. The rust can be controlled by spraying 12.5% WP 1600 times, or 15% WP 1500 times, or chlorothalonil 75% WP 600 times 800 times, once every 7 to 10 days. Sheath blight can be sprayed with 3000 times of 20% tricyclazole or 3000 times of Jinggangmycin or 50 times of carbendazim wettable powder every 7 days for a total of 2 times. The main pests of ② are stem borer, evergreen planthopper, thrips and so on. During the larval incubation period, the borer can be controlled by spraying 0.1% matrine emulsion 1000 times or 0.6% carbendazim 1500 times 2000 times once or twice. The green planthopper was sprayed with 2000 times of imidacloprid wettable powder or 1000 times of imidacloprid wettable powder in the first and middle of June and July. Spraying 18% insecticidal double water agent 300x or 10% imidacloprid powder 2000 times can control thrips.

IV. Timely harvest

When the outer leaves of Zizania caduciflora are long, the heart leaves are shortened, the pregnant leaves are enlarged, the leaf sheaths are separated by clasping, and the white flesh of Zizania caduciflora is exposed, it can be harvested and listed. Be careful not to trample on the neighboring young Zizania latifolia during the first harvest. The quick-acting fertilizer was applied once to promote the development and expansion of the second crop of Zizania latifolia and increase the yield per unit area.