How to sprout potatoes scientifically

"Potato" got its name because of its resemblance to the potato bell, which was first seen in the "Songxi County grocery goods" during the reign of Kangxi. Northeast China and Hebei are called potatoes, North China is called yam eggs, northwest and Lianghu areas are called yams, Jiangsu and Zhejiang are called yams or foreign yams, Guangdong is called potatoes, eastern Guangdong is called Dutch potatoes, and eastern Fujian is called sweet potatoes. It is called "potato" in northwest Hubei.

Morphological characteristics of Potato

Herbs, underground stems lumpy, oblate or 15-80 cm tall, glabrous or sparsely pilose. The stem is divided into two parts: the above ground stem and the underground stem. Oblong, about 3-10 cm in diameter, the skin is white, reddish or purple. The color of potato skin is white, yellow, pink, red, purple and black, and the meat of potato is white, yellowish, yellow, black, cyan, purple and dark purple. Plants grown from seeds form slender taproots and branched lateral roots, while plants propagated from tubers have no taproot but only whisker roots. The aboveground stem is rhomboid and hairy. The primary leaf is simple, entire. With the growth of the plant, odd and unequal pinnately compound leaves were gradually formed. Leaflets often alternate in size, 10-20 cm long; petiole ca. 2.5-5 cm; leaflets, 6-8 pairs, ovate to oblong, maximum up to 6 cm long and 3.2 cm wide, smallest less than 1 cm in length and width, apex pointed, base slightly unequal, entire, white sparsely pilose on both surfaces, lateral veins 6-7 on each side, apex slightly curved, petiolule ca. 1-8 mm. Corymbose terminal, posterior lateral, flowers white or blue-purple; calyx campanulate, ca. 1 cm in diam., outside sparsely pilose, 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate, apex long acuminate; Corolla radiate, ca. 2.5-3 cm in diameter, Corolla tube concealed in calyx, ca. 2 mm long, limb ca. 1.5 cm long, lobes 5, triangular, ca. 5 mm long; stamens ca. 6 mm, anthers 5 times as long as filament length Ovary ovoid, glabrous, style ca. 8 mm, stigma capitate. Potatoes globose, smooth, green or purplish brown, about 1.5 cm in diameter. Seeds reniform, yellow. Flowering in summer.

Ecological Environment of Potato

Potato likes to be cold and cool, and it is a crop that likes low temperature. The formation and growth of underground potato lumps need a loose, ventilated, cool and moist soil environment. Temperature requirements: the suitable temperature for tuber growth is 16 ℃ ~ 18 ℃, when the local temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the tuber stops growing, and the suitable temperature for stem and leaf growth is 15 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, and stops growing when it exceeds 39 ℃.

How to sprout potatoes scientifically?

Potato sprouting mainly uses the following four methods.

1. In the indoor budding method, the potato was cut into small pieces (1-3 sprouts per piece). After washing the juice with cold water and drying, the indoor sprouting method was covered with three or four layers of moist sand, and the straw was covered with rice straw to keep moisture, and the temperature was kept at about 20 ℃. When the buds grow to 1 cm 0.5 cm, remove and place them in a cool outdoor place for 1 to 3 days before sowing. two。 The gibberellin accelerated germination method soaked the seeds with gibberellin of 5~8ppm for 0.5 hours, then buried them in the wet sand bed to accelerate germination. The sand bed should be located in a cool and ventilated place, covered with wet sand of 10 cm, a layer of seed potato and a layer of sand, with 3-4 layers. After 5-7 days, the bud can be refined and sown as long as 0.5 cm. But it should be noted that: ① first dissolve gibberellin with a small amount of alcohol, dilute it with water to the required concentration, put the seed potato into a basket or net bag and then soak in the solution; ② seed potato cut a batch of soaking, do not cut the first day and the second day soaking, lest the wound form callus and reduce the effect of seed soaking. 3. The method of sprouting in the greenhouse is on the end of the aisle in the plastic greenhouse (away from one end of the shed door). If the ground is too dry, spray a small amount of water to make it slightly moist, spread 1 layer of potato pieces and sprinkle 1 layer of wet sand (pay attention to drug disinfection). This can be covered with 3-5 layers of potato cubes, and finally covered with grass or gunny bags to moisturize, but not covered with plastic film. After 5-7 days, the bud can be refined and sown as long as 0.5 cm. 4. Seedling hotbed germination method can make use of the existing nursery bed, can also dig a seedbed. After flattening the bottom of the bed, sprinkle a layer of wet sand on each layer of potato, spread 3-5 layers of potato, and finally cover the sand with a layer of grass. Set up a good bamboo arch on the seedbed, cover the strict film, and press it with soil all around. After 5-7 days, the bud can be refined and sown as long as 0.5 cm. Note: in the process of sprouting, we should adhere to the "five suitability and five unsuitability", that is, the tuber should be large, not small, the number of layers should be small, the soil (sand) should be dry, not wet, the seedling training time should be long, and the sprouts should be short rather than long. Pay special attention to: in the process of budding, the humidity should not be too high. If the humidity is high during the budding period, it is easy to cause the stems of the young buds to take root, and these roots will dry up or die due to loss of water before sowing. The suitable sowing bud length of potato is 0.5 cm. When the length of the bud reaches 0.5 cm, place the potato pieces with buds in the indoor scattered light to make the buds green.