Efficient cultivation techniques of zucchini in solar greenhouse

Zucchini, a kind of pumpkin, is grown in Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and other places. Alias eggplant melon, bear (male) melon, white melon, melon, papaya, horn melon, Xungua and so on. It is native to India and has been planted in the south and north of China. Zucchini has the effects of clearing heat and diuresis, eliminating annoyance and relieving thirst, moistening the lungs and relieving cough, reducing swelling and dispersing knots and so on.

Morphological characteristics of zucchini

Zucchini is an annual trailing herb, with three major strains of dwarf, semi-trailing and trailing. The advantage of main vine is obvious in most varieties, and the lateral vine is few and weak. Stem stout, Terete, with white short bristles. The stem has furrows, short bristles and translucent rough hairs.

Leaves: petiole stout, shortly setose, 6-9 cm long. Leaf blade stiff, erect, triangular or ovate-triangular, apex acute, margin irregularly acute, base cordate, curved semicircular, 0.5-1 cm deep, 3-4 cm wide, dark green above, lighter color below, veins slightly raised abaxially, hispid on both surfaces. Tendrils slightly stout, pilose, variegated.

Flowers: monoecious. Male flowers solitary; pedicels stout, angular, 3-6 cm long, covered with yellowish brown short bristles; calyx tube conspicuously 5-angled, calyx lobes linear-lanceolate; Corolla yellow, often attenuate to base, 5 cm long, 3 cm in diameter, divided to near middle, lobes erect or slightly extended, apex acute; stamens 3, filaments 15 mm long, anthers conniving, 10 mm long.

Efficient cultivation techniques of zucchini in solar greenhouse

I. Variety selection

Generally select early-maturing and high-yield varieties, commonly used in the early green generation of zucchini.

II. Stubble arrangement

The early spring stubble can be planted 20-30 days earlier than cucumber. From December to January, it is suitable for planting from late January to early February, listing in mid-late March, pulling seedlings in early June, sowing in late August in autumn and winter, planting in late September and harvesting in early November. It can be delayed until late April of the following year.

3. Seedling raising techniques

1. Index of strong seedlings

Plant height 15-16cm, stem diameter 0, 4-0, 5cm, with 2-3 true leaves, short internodes, compact plant shape, developed root system, no diseases and insect pests. In order to achieve the target of strong seedling, the seedling should be raised as follows: large soil mass (10-12cm), short seedling order (calendar seedling season 30-35 days) and low temperature (18-22 ℃ in daytime and 8-10 ℃ at night).

2. Sowing seeds

500 grams of seeds are needed for every 667 square meters. Soak the seeds in 60-62 ℃ warm water for 10-15 minutes, then disinfect them, then soak the seeds for 8-10 hours, drain them, wrap them with wet gauze, and destroy the seeds under 25-28 ℃ for 48 hours. The proportion of nutrient soil for raising seedlings is half of organic matter and half of fertilizer garden soil. Mix it fully into a plastic cup, pour water, sow 1 germinated seed in each cup and cover with soil 2. 0cm thick, in order to improve the ground temperature, in the nursery bed can be laid ground hot line.

3. Seedling stage management

From sowing to emergence, the temperature is 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 16-20 ℃ in night, and the whole seedling can be produced in 3-4 days, and the temperature should be lowered after emergence, the temperature is 20-22 ℃ in daytime and 10-12 ℃ at night, which can not only make the seedlings grow healthily, but also promote the differentiation of female flowers. In the later stage of seedling raising, the seedlings were acclimated with low temperature, the temperature was 18-20 ℃ in daytime and 6-8 ℃ at night. In raising seedlings with plastic cups, the principle of temperature control but not water control should be grasped, and the seedlings should be irrigated for 2-3 times in general. In order to make the seedlings grow neatly, the moving inverted seedling method should be adopted, the large seedlings should be inverted on the south side of the greenhouse seedling bed, and the smaller seedlings should be placed in the better light and temperature position in the middle of the seedling bed. The distance between the seedling bowls can be appropriately increased when the seedlings are inverted, so as to make the seedlings neat and strong.

IV. Cultivation techniques

1. Soil preparation and fertilization

Zucchini has well-developed root system and strong water absorption and fertility. 3-4 tons of mature organic fertilizer, 20 kg of phosphorus diamine, turning the ground twice and 20-25cm deep can be applied every 667m2. The method of combination of collection and general application can be adopted to spread 2/3 of the organic fertilizer and 1/3 of the organic fertilizer to strip or hole application. Then make a high ridge with wide 60cm, wide 40cm and high 15cm, and then cover the plastic film.

2. Post-planting management

In early spring, when the ground temperature of 10cm is stable above 8-10 ℃. The temperature is stable above 3 ℃, and the temperature above 20 ℃ during the day is about 5-6 hours. It can be planted at the beginning of February. The row spacing is 1 m, the plant spacing is about 40cm, and 2000 plants are planted every 667m2. Choose "cold tail and hot head" on a sunny morning. When planting, open a hole to irrigate water, seal it with wet soil, and irrigate again after 2-3 days; after the seedlings survive, choose a sunny day, carry out a furrow irrigation, the surface of the ground is dry after irrigation, and carry out a mid-ploughing to loosen the soil. The autumn and winter stubble was planted in early September, and it was chosen in the cloudy afternoon. In order to prevent the seedlings from dying in high temperature after planting, the sunshade net can be covered to prevent high temperature and avoid strong light, and slow seedlings can be promoted.

In the flowering and fruit setting stage, the temperature was 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and above 15 ℃ at night, and the temperature was 20-23 ℃ in the daytime and 13-15 ℃ at night in the fruit expansion period.

In the management of water and fertilizer, from the seedling stage to before flowering and fruit setting, the main measures are ploughing and water conservation, water control and fertilizer control, so as to prevent excessive growth or "crazy seedlings" due to excessive soil water and fertilizer. When the root melon and fruit began to expand, 15-20 kg of diamine phosphate was applied per 667 square meters of irrigation, the second topdressing was carried out when the second and third fruits were expanded, and 20 kg of urea was applied every 667 square meters. Pay attention to ventilation and dehumidification after irrigation and topdressing to prevent the occurrence of gray mold.

3. Protect flowers and fruits

Zucchini is easy to produce melons in the greenhouse, so artificial pollination must be carried out. The method is: "every day from 6 to 10:00 in the morning, the male flowers are picked to remove the Corolla, and the stamens of the male flowers are gently smeared on the stigma of the female flowers, so that the artificial pollination can be completed. Each male flower can be pollinated with 3-4 female flowers. Stigmas and fruit stalks were treated with 20X10-6 2,4-murine D or 60X10-6, which could prevent melons from melting and promote fruit expansion. Spraying 0 and 1% Sukening solution to the young fruit stigma can prevent Botrytis cinerea from harming the young fruit.

4. Plant adjustment

1) hanging vine

Zucchini is cultivated in winter and spring for good ventilation and light transmission. Each plant uses nylon rope to hang the vine to make the plant grow upright.

2) pruning and picking leaves

Zucchini is mainly the main vine melon, for lateral branches should be removed as early as possible; zucchini leaves are large, petiole long, easy to shade accordingly, diseased leaves, yellow leaves, residual leaves and old leaves should be removed as early as possible, which can promote ventilation and light transmission and prevent the spread of diseases.

3) renew pruning

In the later stage of growth, the middle and lower leaves are aging and the plant growth potential is weak, so the middle and lower leaves should be removed, 1-2 lateral branches in the upper part should be selected and topped instead of the main vine.

V. Harvest

(1) timely harvest in the early stage, root melon growing to about 250g should be harvested as early as possible, deformed melons and melons should be picked as soon as possible.

2) appropriate late harvest in the later stage to increase the weight of single melon.

VI. Pest control

1) aphids: 20% Shuding 2000Mel 3000 times solution, 2.5% deltamethrin EC 2000Mel 3000 times solution evenly sprayed.

2) Starscream: 10% Uranus EC 3000 times, 25% mites strong wettable powder 1000 times.

(3) virus disease: at the initial stage of the disease, 20% of virus a wettable powder was sprayed 500 times or 1.5% of Zhiyanling emulsion was 1000 times, once every 10 days, for 3 consecutive times.

4) powdery mildew: use 2500 times of 25% rust rather than wettable powder, 5 Mel once every 7 days, spray 2 Mel 3 times in a row.