Management of zucchini cultivation in greenhouse

Zucchini, alias eggplant melon, bear (male) melon, white melon, wo melon, small melon, papaya, horn melon, Xungua and so on. Zucchini is an annual trailing herb, with three major strains of dwarf, semi-trailing and trailing. The advantage of the main vine of most varieties is obvious. Zucchini contains more vitamin C, glucose and other nutrients, especially the high content of calcium. The contents of nutrients per 100g edible part (fresh weight) of different varieties are as follows: protein 0.6-0.9g, fat 0.1-0.2g, cellulose 0.8-0.9g, sugars 2.5-3.3 g, carotene 20-40 μ g, vitamin C 2.5-9 mg, calcium 22-29 mg. Old people and children like to eat.

Growth habits of zucchini

Temperature: it is a kind of melon vegetables that is more resistant to cold but not resistant to high temperature. During the growing period, the optimum temperature was 20-25 ℃. The growth was slow below 15 ℃ and stopped below 8 ℃. Over 30 ℃, the growth is slow and diseases are very easy to occur. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 25-30 ℃, 13 ℃ can germinate, but very slowly, and 30-35 ℃ is the fastest, but easy to cause overgrowth. The flowering and fruiting period needs a higher temperature, and it is generally best to keep 22-25 ℃. Early-maturing varieties have stronger tolerance to low temperature. The lowest temperature for root elongation is 6 ℃, and the lowest temperature for root hair formation is 12 ℃. The fertilized fruit can develop normally when the night temperature is 8-10 ℃.

Light: the light intensity is moderate and can withstand weak light, but it is easy to grow when the light is insufficient. The photoperiod belongs to short-day plants, which is beneficial to the growth of stems and leaves under long-day conditions, and the melon-bearing period is earlier under short-day conditions.

Humidity: like to be moist, not resistant to drought, especially in the melon period the soil should be kept moist in order to achieve high yield. Virus diseases are easy to occur under the condition of high temperature and drought, but high temperature and high humidity are also easy to cause powdery mildew.

Soil: the requirement of soil is not strict, sand, loam and clay can be cultivated, and the loam with deep soil layer is easy to get high yield.

Pollination and fruit setting: zucchini is a hermaphroditic pollinated crop. Artificial pollination should be carried out under greenhouse cultivation conditions. 1. The time of pollination should be at 9: 10 a.m. every day. During pollination, the male flowers should be collected, the Corolla should be removed, and the stamens of the male flowers should be gently smeared on the stigma of the female flowers. Each male flower can be pollinated with 5 female flowers. 2, the use of angel foliar spray, instead of artificial dipping flower wipe melon, safety is not affected by temperature, at present, the main domestic manufacturer is Nangong Huayang Chemical Industry.

Fertilizer requirement: large amount of fertilizer, production of 1000kg commercial melon, fertilizer equivalent to nitrogen 3.9-5.5kg, phosphorus pentoxide 2.1-2.3kg, potassium oxide 4-7.3kg.

Management of zucchini cultivation in greenhouse

1. Temperature: after zucchini planting, the greenhouse temperature should be kept at 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ in daytime and 18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ at night to promote seedling retardation. After slowing down the seedling, the temperature should be properly reduced, which should be controlled at 20 ℃ ~ 26 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ ~ 15 ℃ at night in order to promote the robust growth of the plant. After setting melon, the temperature was properly increased, keeping it at 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ in the daytime and 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ at night. Increase the temperature difference between day and night to facilitate the accumulation of nutrition and the expansion of melons. Under the condition of maintaining the temperature in the shed, pull the grass curtain early and put it late. On cloudy and rainy days, fluorescent lamps should be turned on, reflective screens should be hung, and photosynthetic micro-fertilizer should be sprayed at the same time.

two。 Fertilization: strengthen fertilizer and water management when the root melon reaches 10 cm long, the first water is irrigated, 25kg compound fertilizer per mu is applied with the water, and the first water is irrigated in the next 15-20 days, and combined with topdressing. Watering is generally carried out in the morning on a sunny day, but not on a cloudy day, so as not to reduce the temperature of the shed and aggravate the disease. In addition, due to the low temperature and lack of ventilation in the greenhouse in deep winter, we can try to apply carbon dioxide fertilizer.

3. Artificial pollination: zucchini is a hermaphroditic pollinated crop. Artificial pollination should be carried out under the condition of greenhouse cultivation. Methods: at 9: 10 a.m. every day, the male flowers blooming on the same day were picked, the Corolla was removed, and the stamens of the male flowers were gently smeared on the stigma of the female flowers, and then pollinated. Each male flower could be pollinated with 5 female flowers. At the same time, the fruit setting rate could be increased by smearing the stigma or stalk of female flowers with the solution of 20ppm. In addition, when the plant has too many flowers, the flowers should be thinned properly to ensure that the plant can bear melons normally.

Hanging vine pruning to trailing zucchini, after planting slow seedlings, pull thin iron wire along the north-south direction at the top of each row of zucchini, then fasten and fix it at the base of the stem, and then grow with the melon vine, then tie the melon vine to the hanging rope. When the length of the vine is close to the roof, the vine should fall off in time with the harvest of the lower melon, and the lower old leaves should be removed to prevent disease and ventilation. The lateral buds should be removed in time to ensure the growth of the main vine.

(4) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: the main diseases of zucchini in greenhouse are virus disease, gray mold, aphids and whitefly. The virus gives priority to prevention and exterminates virus-transmitting pests. At the initial stage of the disease, dimethrin, virulent and virus No. 1 can be used to control Botrytis cinerea. Powdery mildew can be controlled by sulfur gel suspension, aphids can be used to control aphids, and white whitefly can be controlled by imidacloprid, buprofezin or yellow board.