Attention should be paid to planting rust of beans in autumn

Vigna unguiculata, also known as cowpea, is a summer vegetable. An annual twining herb that forms elongated pods among the bean species. Alias beans, carob beans, belt beans, skirt beans. It contains vitamins and minerals. Pod tender fleshy, fried crispy tender, can also be hot after cold or marinated. Pods long and tubular, crisp and soft, common white beans, green beans, purple beans. When purchasing beans, it is generally better to have uniform thickness of beans, bright color, transparent luster and full seeds, while beans with cracks, wrinkled skin, too thin seeds and insect marks on the skin should not be purchased. Bean nutrition is very good, is the meat in vegetables.

The effect of beans

Green bean is sweet, light and slightly warm in nature, returning to spleen and stomach meridians; it can eliminate dampness without dryness, invigorate spleen without stagnation and greasy, which is commonly used for stopping spleen deficiency and dampness; it has the effects of harmonizing zang-fu organs, nourishing spirit, invigorating qi and invigorating spleen, relieving summer heat and dampness, and relieving diuresis and swelling; it is mainly used for spleen deficiency and dampness, loose stool, turbid downward flow, excessive leukorrhea of women, and can also be used for syndrome of summer-heat dampness injury, vomiting and diarrhea.

Nutrition of beans

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that bean vegetables taste sweet and flat, have the effect of eliminating dampness and tonifying spleen, conditioning digestive system, tonifying kidney and stopping diarrhea, replenishing qi and promoting body fluid, especially suitable for people with weak spleen and stomach. Modern nutrition data show that its protein content is higher than that of ordinary vegetables, and various vitamins and minerals are also rich, so beans are also known as "meat in vegetables."

When the body produces too much free radicals or clears too slowly, it will accelerate the aging of the body and induce many diseases. The results showed that beans have strong scavenging effect on hydroxyl radical, which may be related to its rich carotene, vitamin E, ascorbic acid and trace element selenium. The results of comparative study showed that long beans (such as cowpea) had stronger scavenging ability to hydroxyl radicals than short beans.

Autumn bean rust planting must pay attention to

Autumn planting beans grow in high temperature environment, rainfall more, coupled with the field spring planting beans dropped bacteria source (summer spores) large. Therefore, autumn beans are prone to rust, farmers should carry out integrated control as soon as possible.

First, the main symptoms: beans throughout the growth period can be infected with the disease, but in the beginning of the flower to the fruit period resistance weakened, susceptibility increased. The disease mainly infects leaves. At the initial stage of the disease, there are spots of chlorotic yellow and white under the leaves, and the spots gradually increase until the whole leaves are densely covered. Yellow-brown scab spots, i.e. urediospores, were formed on the back of the disease spots. After the urediospores were broken, a large number of urediospores were released. Black teliospores were sometimes formed on the old leaves at the later stage of growth. Leaves withered off, plant short, pod less and small, shortened growth period, and finally thin and dead.

2. Pathogen: Basidiomycota, Puccinia. The source of infection was the diseased body of spring planted beans or the summer spore pile left in the field. The summer spore germinated to produce germ tube and invaded the host through stomata. At 18 - 25℃, when the humidity was high or the fog and dew were heavy, and when there was a water film on the host surface, the urediospores were most likely to germinate and invade the host. The diseased plants spread as urediospores among the plants in the field through air flow, insects and human animals, causing frequent reinfection. The produced teliospores became the primary infection source of leguminous crops planted in spring next year.

3. Control methods: comprehensive control measures based on strengthening the management of soil seed fertilizer and water, supplemented by timely spraying.

1. Remove the diseased plants and reduce the infection sources: After harvesting the spring planted beans, collect and burn the dead seedlings of the residual plants to reduce the infection sources.

2. Seed selection and land selection:

① Seed selection and planting: select disease-resistant varieties, cultivate from ridges, and plant in double rows or single rows, which is easy to remove accumulated water and dredge ventilation, which is not conducive to the landing and invasion of urediospores.

② Land selection: It is best to select the previous crop as the field for planting Gramineae, and not to select the previous crop as the field for planting legumes or peanuts. This will avoid direct damage from rust.

3. Reasonable fertilization: apply enough basal fertilizer, apply topdressing early, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, so as to enhance nodule activity, plant growth and sturdiness, thick green leaves and enhanced disease resistance.

4. Timely application of pesticides for prevention and control: timely application of pesticides for prevention and control at the early stage of disease. The pesticide can be sprayed with 600 - 800 times of 50% triadimefon or 500 - 600 times of 50% sulfur suspension or 800 - 1000 times of 70% thiophane methyl. Spray once every 8 - 10 days, spray 2 - 3 times.