Key points of management of cucumber greenhouse in winter and spring

Cucumber, (scientific name Cucumis sativus Linn, English name Cucumber), cucumber plant of Cucurbitaceae. Also known as cucumber and cucumber. The color of the fruit is oil green or emerald green, with soft spines on the surface. It is widely cultivated in all parts of China and is now widely cultivated in temperate and tropical regions. Cucumber likes warmth and is not resistant to cold, so it is one of the main greenhouse products. Cucumbers, called cucumbers, were brought back to the Central Plains by Zhang Qian in the Western Han Dynasty. After the period of Wuhu and Sixteen Kingdoms, Emperor Shiller of Zhao taboo the word "Hu", and Fan Tan of Xiangguo County, Han Chen, changed it to "cucumber".

Edible value of cucumber

Cucumber sweet, sweet, cool, bitter, non-toxic, into the spleen, stomach, large intestine; with antipyretic, water conservancy urine, heat-clearing and detoxification effect; main treatment of annoyance and thirst, sore throat, fire eyes, fire burns. And weight loss.

Key points of management of cucumber greenhouse in winter and spring

Key points of cucumber management in greenhouse in spring

The rhizome of cucumber seedlings with careful soil preparation and separate application of organic fertilizer has large water content, brittle and easy to break, both afraid of flooding and not resistant to drought, so it is necessary to make the ground flat and tilt slightly to one side, so as to facilitate drainage and irrigation, the soil is not bumpy and rich in organic matter. When ploughing and raking the land, it is necessary to apply fully rotten chicken manure and cake fertilizer at different levels, 5000 kg of chicken manure and 2000 kg of cake fertilizer per mu.

Soil disinfection, ridge mulching plastic film greenhouse land multiple cropping index is high, soil bacteria content is high, it is necessary to do a good job of soil disinfection treatment. Each mu of land can be mixed with 1.5 kg fulvic acid or carbendazim wettable powder 0.75 kg mixed with 5kg fine sand or fine soil and then raked and ridged. Ridging is carried out according to the width and narrow row, the wide row is 80 cm and the narrow row is 70 cm. The ridge is 15-18 cm high, requiring it to be as straight as a line. Dig a watering ditch 30 cm wide and 10 cm deep between the ridge and fill it with water. The ridge should be covered with plastic film to raise the ground temperature.

Timely planting and prevention of diseases and insect pests in mid-March is the best time to plant cucumbers in our province. One row was planted on both sides of the drainage ditch on the ridge, the row spacing was 60 cm, the plant spacing was 30 cm, and 2700 cucumbers were planted per mu. Sterilize once with 75% chlorothalonil on the seedling bed before seedling. After planting in the whole shed, fumigate once with 20% Suibai smoke fumigant and aphid lice fumigant to prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

Careful management, reasonable water and fertilizer to wait for melon seedlings to grow to about 30 cm, it is necessary to lift seedlings to remove melon beard in time, in order to facilitate its rapid growth through ventilation and light. According to the water spitting and leaf phase of cucumber head growth point in the morning, no dew at the growth point in the morning or slightly wilting leaf surface at normal temperature at noon should be immediately watered under the film. At the same time, after the flower fade of female melon, urea 5kg and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5kg / mu were applied to gain high yield. The temperature of cucumber field in spring should be controlled at 25: 28 ℃ in daytime and 15 ℃ at night. Pay attention to ventilation, dehumidification and high temperature, and maintain the temperature difference between day and night.

Key points of management and prevention in the process of planting: the principle is to use medicine as soon as possible, prevention is more important than treatment. From the beginning of cucumber seedlings with one leaf, protective fungicides were sprayed every 7 to 10 days, and the front, back and all parts of the plant were sprayed. In the early stage of cucumber planting, the root growth is not very strong. Spraying more foliar fertilizer to increase the growth of root system. Yunda 120 can be used for foliar spraying. Fertiliser: after the cucumber is planted to the melon, it is usually watered without fertilizer, because the use of base fertilizer is sufficient, which can supply cucumber seedling growth. When the melon strips sit down and grow to 10 to 15 centimeters, bring fertilizer when watering, and gradually begin to enter the normal watering. Disease control in the stage of fertiliser: quenching disease is easy to occur at the initial stage of planting. In the root, stem, leaf is light yellow water stain-like soft rot, can produce a large number of oospores in the root tissue, to the root epidermis high or lead to epidermis rupture. Metalaxyl / Manganese Zinc, Prike and other drugs can be used for prevention and treatment.

Key points of cucumber cultivation in greenhouse in winter:

1. Cultivate high-quality cold-resistant seedlings. Cold-tolerant varieties are mainly Honi, thornless cucumber seeds. Its characteristics: this variety is an all-female unarmed cucumber introduced from Holland, infinite growth type, early maturity, compact plant growth, main vine melon, short internodes, 1-2 melons per node, melon nodes, melon length about 16 cm, strong continuous fruit-making ability, dark green color, rich luster, sweet taste, high yield, strong cold tolerance, high fruit rate under high temperature and high humidity. Strong stress resistance, high resistance to diseases and insect pests such as downy mildew, powdery mildew, Fusarium wilt and virus diseases, no dead trees, suitable for late autumn, overwintering, early spring and summer protected cultivation. And Shengdong No. 3-cucumber seeds. The characteristics of this variety are as follows: for the first generation of hybrid, the plant grows vigorously, the leaves are medium, the main vine is mainly melon, the melon code is dense, the growth speed of melon strips is fast, the seedlings do not rest, the ability to set melon continuously is strong, the melon strips are straight, the flesh is light green and taste sweet, the melon length is about 35 cm, the deformed melon rate is low, the commercial melon rate is high, the weight of single melon is about 200 grams, and the disease resistance is strong. Both parents choose disease-resistant parents and are highly resistant to Fusarium wilt, downy mildew, angular spot and powdery mildew. Resistant to low temperature and weak light, the yield per mu of overwintering cultivation is about 25000 kg, and the harvest time can reach more than 200d. It is suitable for early spring, autumn extension and overwintering cultivation in greenhouse.

two。 Fertilizer and water management. In the middle and last ten days of February, most winter warm greenhouse cucumbers entered the peak period of melon production, and the demand for fertilizer and water also increased gradually. therefore, cucumber topdressing should be carried out after the end of February. Generally, urea 20 kg per mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 8 kg or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 30 35 kg per mu, once every 20 days. According to the situation, combined with watering, flushing with the water to apply rotten human feces and urine, bean cake water. At the same time, every 10 to 15 days, combined with disease control, extra-root topdressing can be sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or sugar nitrogen solution prepared with sugar, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water at the ratio of 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 0.2 ∶ 100 or 500 times of Pendelo nutrient solution, etc. The application of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer at the end of February and the beginning of March could obviously prevent premature senescence, improve stress resistance and prolong fruiting period. In the middle and later period, the watering times and water quantity should also be increased, but it must be carried out according to the actual situation, in case the ground temperature drops too much, and it is advisable to keep the ground temperature not lower than 15 ℃ after watering. Prevent the seedlings from overgrowing. In addition to timely opening the mulch, increasing ventilation, prolonging ventilation time, increasing light intensity and low temperature exercise, it can be inhibited by spraying Daizhuangsu, and it can also enhance the cold resistance and disease resistance of seedlings. Pay attention to the concentration should not be too high.

3. Temperature adjustment. After March, the outside air temperature rises gradually. In this period, we should make full use of uncovering the grass curtain and opening and closing the vents to adjust the temperature in the greenhouse, so that the greenhouse temperature can be kept at 26 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ during the day and 12 ℃ ~ 14 ℃ before pulling the curtain in the morning, so as to facilitate the normal growth of cucumber. Pruning and falling vines: through pruning and falling vines, the plant height is kept at about 1.3 meters, low in the south and high in the north, in order to receive light. The specific method is to drop the vine at the base of the cucumber stem and dish it on the ground, so that the growth point of the cucumber plant is at a height of about 1.3 meters, keep the top of the cucumber in the whole greenhouse basically in the same plane, and remove the old leaves and diseased leaves. Each plant can retain more than 20 effective leaves. Reasonable picking: the finished melon generally retains 2 or 3 expanding strips per cucumber plant, the strong ones can stay late to pick, and the weak ones can stay and pick early.

4. Disease control. The main diseases of cucumber in this period are downy mildew, angular spot, gray mildew, powdery mildew and so on, and the main pests are aphids, whitefly, Liriomyza huidobrensis and so on. The above diseases and insect pests should give priority to prevention and comprehensive control. Chemical control treatment is carried out once a week in seedling management, and broad-spectrum fungicides such as chlorothalonil, carbendazim and Keshuo are used in rotation. Fumigant instead of spray control is recommended in overcast and rainy weather, which can achieve better results.