How to fertilize Tomato reasonably

Tomato (Tomato), alias tomato, persimmon. The ancient name is June persimmon and the good news is three yuan. In Peru and Mexico, it was originally called "wolf peach". All have sticky glandular hairs with a strong smell. The stem is easy to lodge. Leaves pinnately compound or pinnately parted, leaflets extremely irregular, varying in size, ovate or rectangular round, margin irregularly serrated or lobed. Calyx radiate, lobes lanceolate, persistent when fruiting; Corolla radiate, yellow. Berries flat-globose or subglobose, fleshy and juicy, orange or bright red, smooth; seeds yellow. Flowering and fruiting, summer and autumn.

Environmental requirements of Tomato

1) temperature: tomato is a temperature-loving vegetable. Under normal conditions, the optimum temperature for assimilation is 20: 25 ℃, and the optimum soil temperature for root growth is 20: 22 ℃. Increasing soil temperature can not only promote root development, but also significantly increase the content of nitrate nitrogen in soil, accelerate growth and development, and increase yield.

2) Light: tomato is a light-loving crop, the light saturation point is 70000lx, and the suitable light intensity of tomato is 30000~50000lx. Tomato is a short-day plant, which basically requires short-day sunshine in the process of changing from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, but the requirement is not strict. Some varieties can bud and blossom in advance under short-day sunshine, while most varieties blossom earlier under 11-13 h sunshine. Plant growth is robust.

3) moisture: tomatoes need more water, but they do not have to be irrigated frequently. Generally, the soil moisture is 60% 80% and the air humidity is 45%. The high humidity in the air not only hinders the normal pollination, but also causes serious disease under the condition of high temperature and humidity.

4) soil and nutrition: tomato does not have strict requirements on soil conditions, but in order to obtain high yield and promote good root development, fertile loam with deep soil layer, good drainage and rich organic matter should be selected. PH6~7 is suitable for soil acidity and alkalinity, and over-acidic or over-alkaline soil should be improved. Tomato needs to absorb a large amount of nutrients from the soil during the growth process. According to Ezelistan, each production of 5000kg fruit needs to absorb potassium oxide 33kg, nitrogen 10kg, phosphate 5kg from the soil.

How to fertilize tomatoes reasonably?

Tomato is very sensitive to fertilizer, so the principle of "one control, two promotion, three spraying and four taboos" should be grasped when topdressing.

One control: during the period from tomato planting to fruit setting, we should look at the topdressing of seedlings and control the amount of topdressing. If topdressing is too much and too concentrated, it is easy to cause overgrowth of plants, and even lead to falling flowers and fruits. Therefore, in addition to the serious lack of fertilizer in the plant, the amount of topdressing should be controlled and dilute manure water or biochemical organic fertilizer solution should be applied slightly.

The second is to promote the growth and development of tomato by topdressing in young fruit stage and harvest period. When the fruit of the first ear grows to the size of walnut, quick-acting fertilizer should be applied quickly for 1 or 2 times, and 30% human feces and urine or 5% sulfur compound fertilizer leaching solution should be applied to ensure that the plant does not lose fertilizer. After the young fruit is enlarged, in order to meet the needs of plant growth and avoid de-fattening in the later stage, the method of diligent pursuit and protection should be adopted. Generally, 40% human feces and urine or 5% sulfur compound fertilizer leaching solution with a concentration of 40% or 5% sulfur compound fertilizer should be applied every 10 days in sunny days.

Third spray: tomato not only absorbs nutrients from the soil from the roots, but also absorbs mineral nutrients from leaves to promote the development of fruits and seeds. Therefore, during the period of fruit growth, especially when soil topdressing can not be carried out in the early stage of continuous overcast and rain, foliar fertilizer should be sprayed for 2 times, biochemical organic liquid fertilizer 300 times 500 times liquid and chelated multi-element compound microfertilizer 500 times liquid to improve the quality of tomato.

Four taboos: tomato topdressing should not be carried out in the case of wet soil and high temperature at noon, and avoid over-concentrated fertilization. Centralized fertilization is easy to make plants grow excessively and cause fertilizer damage; fertilization in wet soil is easy to cause physiological diseases such as flower, leaf and fruit drop; fertilization under high temperature will affect the development of fertilizer efficiency due to large water evaporation of plant leaves. In addition, the time of fertilization should avoid the period of high temperature, and it is suitable for early morning or evening.