Key points of cultivation and management of radish in spring

Radish, rhizome vegetables, also known as radish, water radish, root fleshy, oblong, spherical or conical, originated in China, there are many varieties, there are green, red and white skin. It has many kinds of dish and medicinal value.

Morphological characteristics of radish

Herbs biennial or annual, 20-100 cm tall; taproots fleshy, oblong, globose or conical, bark green, white or red; stems branched, glabrous, slightly farinose. Basal and lower cauline leaves pinnatifid, 8-30 cm long and 3-5 cm wide, apical lobe ovate, lateral lobes 4-6 pairs, oblong, obtuse, sparsely hirsute, upper leaves oblong, serrate or subentire. Racemes terminal and axillary; flowers white or pink, 1.5-2 cm in diam.; pedicels 5-15 mm long; sepals oblong, 5-7 mm long; petals Obovate, 1-1.5 cm long, purple striate, lower part with 5 mm long claws. Siliques Terete, 3-6 cm long and 10-12 mm wide, constricted at considerable interseeding and forming a spongy transverse septum; apical beak 1-1.5 cm long; fruiting pedicel 1-1.5 cm long. Seeds 1-6, ovate, slightly flattened, ca. 3 mm, reddish brown, finely reticulate. The florescence is from April to May and the fruiting period is from May to June.

Radish stem erect, stout, Terete, hollow, branched from base. Basal leaves and lower leaves of stem have long stalks, usually pinnately divided, hirsute, lateral lobes 1-3 pairs, margin serrate or notched; middle and upper leaves of stem oblong to lanceolate, gradually smaller upward, undivided or slightly divided, not clasping. Racemes, terminal and axillary. The flowers are light pink or white. Siliques, indehiscent, subconical, straight or slightly curved, constricted into beads between seeds, apex long beak, beak 2, 5 cm long, fruit wall spongy. Seeds 1-6, reddish brown or yellow, round, finely reticulate.

Key points of cultivation and management of radish in spring

Selection of improved varieties

Select varieties with short growth period, strong cold tolerance, late bolting and not easy to hollow. At present, there are many radish varieties suitable for spring cultivation, such as Baiyuchun, Chunbaiyu, Spring radish 9646 and Changchun big root.

Prepare the land to make a bed

Choose the land with loose soil and apply 3000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer and 30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu. Apply fertilizer at one time before soil preparation, and then plough and prepare the soil. The border surface is made into tortoise back shape, with a height of 25 cm and a width of 1 m. Each border is planted in two rows, with a plant spacing of 30 cm and a row spacing of 40 cm.

Suitable time for sowing

When cultivating spring radish, the sowing date should be strictly controlled and must not be sown too early, because the plant is prone to early bolting under the condition of low temperature. In general, the seeds should be sown when the surface soil temperature reaches more than 10 ℃. In the actual production, it can be flexibly mastered according to the cultivation facilities and the selected varieties. Those cultivated in greenhouse can be sowed from late January to mid-February and harvested in early April; those cultivated with plastic film mulching in open field can be sown from mid-March to early April and harvested from mid-May to early June; if cultivated in a small arch greenhouse, the sowing date can be advanced to the first and middle of March. Hole sowing should be used when sowing, each hole sows 1 to 2 seeds, and the sowing amount is 100 to 200 grams per mu. After sowing, cover 0.5 cm thick fine soil, and then cover the plastic film.

Field management

The seedlings can emerge 4-5 days after sowing, and the seedlings should be broken by stages and broken in batches after emergence, and the seedlings should grow to 2-3 leaves. About 20 days after sowing, the radish fleshy root began to expand, at this time the mud block was applied to press the break of the film to prevent the film from being pushed up. The optimum growth temperature of spring radish was more than 12 ℃. The management in the early stage of growth should be based on heat preservation, appropriately increase the temperature in the greenhouse, promote the growth of rosette leaves, and cover cold protection in case of strong cold air. The temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled at 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ during the day and 15 ℃ at night, and the small greenhouse film and greenhouse skirt film should be gradually removed according to the weather conditions. After the middle of April, the greenhouse film can be removed and cultivated in the open field.

Spring radish generally does not need to be watered during its growth, but only when the soil in the furrow turns white. The water demand of radish in the period of fleshy root expansion is larger, so it is best to use drip irrigation according to soil moisture. If furrow irrigation is used, it should be carried out at noon on a sunny day, half of the ditch water should be irrigated and drained 2 hours after irrigation. The first topdressing was carried out 30 days after sowing, and the second topdressing was carried out about 45 days after sowing. When topdressing, 25 kg compound fertilizer per mu can be used to irrigate the root with a liquid fertilizer concentration of 0.5%. If the soil moisture is high, it can be applied at a hole 10 cm away from the root of radish.

Pest control

The main pests are aphids and cabbage insects, which can be controlled by pesticides such as paracetamol and insecticides. The main diseases are downy mildew and black rot, which can be prevented by crop rotation and strengthening ventilation. Such as the use of medicament to prevent the disease, Kesha and mancozeb can be sprayed alternately on downy mildew, and agricultural streptomycin and copper preparations can be used to fill the root of black rot.

Timely harvest

When the fleshy root is more than 5 cm in diameter and weighs about 0.5 kg, it can be harvested and listed in batches. Leave the petiole 3-5 cm to be cut off during harvest and put it on the market after cleaning. Do not clean if you carry out long-distance transportation.

Small reminder: the heart-cutting of white radish can increase production

Through heart-digging measures, white radish can restrain it from entering the reproductive growth stage prematurely, prolong its vegetative growth period, turn the nutrition of the supply growth point into promoting the expansion of fleshy root, and greatly increase the yield. According to the experiment, the yield per mu of white radish dug up the growing point is about 2000 kg higher than that of the white radish without it.

The specific measures are as follows:

40 to 50 days before the normal harvest of white radish, that is, when the white radish weighs 0.25 to 0.5 kg, choose a sunny day and use a knife to insert the tip into the center of the heart leaf of the radish and dig out the growing point. if the heart leaves are not scattered, it is proved that the growing point has been dug up. 5 to 7 days after digging, after the wound healed, 2000 to 2500 kilograms of fecal water per mu and 50 to 100 grams of urea per 50 kilograms of fecal water were applied. Pay attention to apply it to the side of the radish, do not pour fecal water on the radish, lest the wound be infected with germs and rot.

Check once every 10 days, if the growing point is still growing, you can carry out a second heart-cutting. About one month before harvest, that is, when the radish grows to 0.75 to 1 kg, the third inspection should be carried out. If the growing point is not dug up or the lateral buds grow out, a supplementary dig should be carried out. The main purpose of heart-cutting is to make the radish no longer grow new leaves, and can make the radish no longer grow new leaves, and can keep it fresh for 3 months. If it is sold before and after the Spring Festival, the price is high and can adjust the surplus and shortage in the market.