Causes and control of radish branching and chaff core

Any of various biennial or annual herbs of the genus Cruciferae, having fleshy, oblong, globose, or conical roots, with a green, white, or red rind; stems branched, glabrous, slightly farinose. Roots for vegetable consumption; seeds, fresh roots, withered roots and leaves are all used as medicine: seeds to eliminate food and phlegm; fresh roots to quench thirst and aid digestion, withered roots and diarrhea; leaves to treat primary dysentery and prevent dysentery; seed oil is used for industrial and edible use.

The function of radish: clearing heat and promoting fluid, cooling blood and stopping bleeding.

Nutritional composition of radish: the main components of radish are protein, sugars, B vitamins and a lot of vitamin C, as well as iron, calcium, phosphorus and fiber, mustard oil and amylase. According to the determination, the vitamin C content of radish is nearly 10 times higher than that of apples, pears and other fruits. [1] the radish is cool in nature, pungent and sweet in taste, and has the effects of eliminating stagnation, resolving phlegm and clearing heat, broad qi and detoxification. Radish is an authentic health food, which can promote metabolism, increase appetite, help digestion, resolve stagnation, and be used for fullness of food, sputum, dysentery, headache, adverse urination, etc.; eating radish regularly can reduce blood lipids, soften blood vessels, stabilize blood pressure, and prevent coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, cholelithiasis and other diseases.

Causes and control of bifurcation and bran heart of radish

The bad phenomena such as bifurcation, bran core and rupture and rough skin are more common in radish production. And these phenomena make the appearance of radish commodity is poor, the price is low, resulting in farmers to increase production but not income.

The cause of bifurcation and its prevention

In the radish harvest will see a fat radish without end in the side and grow a fat fleshy root, sometimes one or even two, this phenomenon is called bifurcation. Although the bifurcated radish is still edible, the quality will not deteriorate, but the appearance is deformed, which greatly affects the beauty of the goods. Under normal circumstances, each field will have more or less bifurcated radish. There are many reasons for radish bifurcation, mainly in the following aspects:

1. In terms of soil quality and tillage, the soil ploughing is too shallow, and the bottom soil is too hard. At the same time, stones, roots, tiles and plastic hard objects were not removed in the process of deep ploughing. The hardness of the bottom layer of the soil is not loose, and there are hard objects, which will inevitably affect the main root, so it will promote the occurrence of lateral roots. as soon as the matter produced by photosynthesis accumulates, the main root and lateral root will be hypertrophic at the same time. In addition, the soil is not sunny enough, there are too many underground pests such as earthworms, grubs, mole crickets, etc., the main root is damaged, the lateral root occurs naturally, and there will be bifurcations in the future.

2. The fertilizer which is not fully mature contains a lot of uric acid, which burns the main root on the one hand, and stimulates the lateral root to grow out; the uneven application of base fertilizer does not damage the elongation activity of the main root, and the lateral root is also produced. Once the material accumulates and becomes hypertrophic, bifurcations are formed.

3. The planting density is too large, the distance between seeding and fixing seedlings of radish is too wide, there are fewer bifurcations in summer and autumn, and more bifurcations in autumn, winter and spring, because the weather in these seasons is especially beneficial to the growth of radish, photosynthesis is strong and the accumulation of material is rich. If the planting density is too wide and sparse, the plant growth is particularly exuberant, the leaves produce more photosynthates, and naturally there are more bifurcations.

To prevent the bifurcations caused by this reason, farmers must conscientiously do a good job of deep ploughing and careful cultivation of the soil and keep the soil loose and soft. Apply fully mature organic fertilizers and spread them evenly into the soil layer. In short, according to the requirements of each variety, reasonable close planting.

Causes of bran heart and its prevention

Pull up feel lighter, cut off the radish found that the meat is uneven, and there are white bubble eyes, this phenomenon is called bran heart. The cooked radish with bran heart has a lack of sweetness, more fiber and less juice, and will float on the surface if cut into pieces and rinsed. Some scholars believe that radish bran is an overripe phenomenon. Physiologically, this is due to the fact that the fleshy root of radish has reached the stage of commercial maturity, and the parenchyma cells of the root grow too rapidly, and at this time there is a lack of content or deficiency, resulting in a lack of nutrients in the conducting tissue. The phenomenon of radish bran heart is related to the following factors:

The main results are as follows: 1. the occurrence chance of early-maturing varieties is more than that of late-maturing varieties. For the varieties with large parenchyma cells of fleshy roots, the density of fleshy roots is poor, and bran hearts will appear early and often if there are bad phenomena.

2. Cultivation environment relationship the turnips cultivated in light sandy soil will appear earlier than those cultivated in semi-muddy sandy soil and loam soil. The fertile and loose muddy meat field is too late. Poor drainage of soil, uneven application of base fertilizer and topdressing, or too late topdressing, leaf growth stopped prematurely, there are more chances to appear bran heart.

3. Improper sowing time due to unreasonable sowing time, high temperature and drought are often encountered during the growing period, which affects the effect of photosynthesis, respiration is often too large and consumes nutrients, which affects the growth, manufacture, transport and accumulation of nutrients as a whole.

4. If the planting density is unreasonable, if the row spacing of radish plant is too large, bran heart will also appear.

5. If the water supply is improper, if the water is uniform in the early stage of the growth period, but it is dry in the later stage, the bran heart will also appear.

According to the above-mentioned reasons for the emergence of bran heart, we should pay attention to the following measures:

1. First of all, we should grasp the characteristics of each variety of radish, especially the characteristics that mature sooner or later, and choose to sow seeds in the most suitable season. At the same time, according to the most suitable plant-row spacing required by each variety, it is not the thinner the better, nor the denser the better.

2. Improved cultivation measures through intensive cultivation, scientific management, creating a good cultivation environment, especially from the selection of soil quality, uniform fertilization and balanced water supply, timely harvest and other comprehensive measures to make the radish plant grow normally. When the fleshy root is formed under stable and proper conditions, the bran core phenomenon will rarely occur.

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Causes of radish rupture and its prevention

Radish reached the harvest time, in the hypertrophic fleshy root surface appeared irregular cracks, these cracks are thick and thin, there are vertical and horizontal cracks, horizontal cracks or vertical cracks. The surface of the broken radish fleshy root is still smooth and not rough, which has little effect on the edible value. The rough skin means that the skin is not smooth, there are black lines, and even the mouth marks have been bitten by insects, but the beauty of the goods is greatly affected.

Physiologically, the reason for the rupture of fleshy roots is the result of uneven soil water supply during the growth of radish. Specifically, the radish encountered high temperature and drought during the growing period, the soil moisture was insufficient, and the growers did not replenish the water according to the actual weather conditions, in order to keep the soil moist and stable, resulting in the gradual hardening of the cortex of the radish fleshy root. In the middle and later stage of radish growth, the temperature is suitable, the sun is suitable, and the water is sufficient. Under such a good environment, the parenchyma cells of xylem in radish fleshy roots divide and expand rapidly and expand laterally towards the cortex. However, the hardened cortex can not grow accordingly and there is a contradiction. The hardened cortex can not expand from the inside to the outside of the skin. As a result, the cortex is cracked. On the other hand, the soil that is too sticky or too hard, or the environment in which the sand is too thick, the groundwater table is too high, and the larvae of underground pests such as yellow striped beetles have eaten the outer skin of the root, these environments will leave some small marks on the root epidermis. In addition, harmful substances leave ugly black lines.

How to prevent the phenomenon of rupture and rough skin? The most basic thing is to choose a good soil, intensive cultivation, often keep the soil loose, according to the weather and radish growth performance, timely and uniform water supply, so that the soil remains moist and breathable, do not dry when wet or long-term not drenched. The most basic method to prevent rough skin is still to select the soil quality, fully turn the sun, intensive cultivation, and create a good soil environment. Radish growth and fleshy root formation process is not lack of water, no lack of nutrition, no lack of air, no soil squeeze, the skin will not be rough.