Comprehensive control measures of root-knot nematode disease in ginger

Ginger is the fresh rhizome of ginger, a perennial herb of Zingiberaceae, with high 40~100cm. Aliases are ginger root, hundred spicy clouds, hook finger, Yin Dixin, cool boy, fresh ginger, honey roasted ginger. The rhizome (dried ginger), cork (ginger skin) and leaf (ginger leaf) of ginger can be used as medicine. Ginger has the functions of divergence, antiemetic and antitussive in traditional Chinese medicine.

Edible value of ginger

It contains volatile oil, mainly gingerol, gingerene, alpinene, citral, linalool, etc., and also contains spicy ingredient gingerol, which is decomposed into gingerone and gingerenone. In addition, it contains aspartic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, glycine, threonine, alanine and so on. Chewing ginger can cause a rise in blood pressure. Gingerol can stimulate the oral and gastric mucosa, promote the secretion of digestive juice and increase appetite. It can increase intestinal tension, rhythm and peristalsis. It has peripheral antiemetic effect, and the effective ingredient is the mixture of gingerone and gingerenone. It has an exciting effect on respiration and vascular movement center, and can promote blood circulation. In vitro experiment, it has obvious inhibitory effect on typhoid bacillus and Vibrio cholerae.

Morphological characteristics of Ginger

Perennial perennial root herbs. The rhizome is fleshy, flattened, fragrant and spicy. Leaves row, thorium-shaped to striate-lanceolate, 15-30 cm long, ca. 2 cm wide, apex acuminate, base attenuate, smooth glabrous, leaf sheath clasping; sessile.

Flower stems erect, alienated by imbricate scales; spikes ovate to elliptic, ca. 5 cm long and ca. 2.5 cm wide; bracts ovate, light green; flowers dense, ca. 2.5 cm long, apex acute; calyx shortly cylindric; Corolla 3-lobed, lobes lanceolate, yellow, lip shorter, oblong-Obovate, lavender, with yellow and white spots, lobules on each side of the lower three knives Stamens 1, protruding, ovary inferior; style filiform, lilac, stigma radiate. The capsule is oblong and swollen about 2.5 cm, flowering from June to August.

Comprehensive control measures of root-knot nematode disease in ginger

Ginger root-knot nematode disease is commonly known as ginger mange skin disease, ginger scale. In recent years, the disease has occurred in Laiwu, Ju County, Anqiu and other places in Shandong. With the continuous cropping and large-scale planting of ginger, the disease tends to aggravate the damage and spread, and it has become the second largest disease after ginger blast in some areas, which has a great impact on the production of ginger and makes the seriously affected ginger lose its edible value.

Occurrence of root-knot nematode disease in ginger:

Ginger can occur from seedling stage to adult stage, and the diseased plants can produce nodular root knots of different sizes in the root and rhizome. The root knot is generally the size of bean grains, sometimes connected into strings, at first yellow-white protuberance, and then gradually turns brown. Herpes-like rupture and decay. Due to the damage to the roots, the absorption function is affected, the growth is slow, the leaves are small, the leaves are dark green, the stems are short, and the branches are small, which can appear since the first and middle of July, and can be about 50% shorter than the normal plants around the middle and late August, but the plants rarely die.

Comprehensive control measures of ginger root-knot nematode disease:

⑴ practices crop rotation. It is best to rotate with Gramineae crops for 2-3 years, so that the disease can be significantly reduced.

⑵ selected disease-free insect species ginger and deep ploughing soil.

⑶ soil disinfection. Dibromoethane and methyl bromide can be applied to the soil 13-20 cm deep 2-3 weeks before planting. The soil should be kept moist before application and compacted after application to achieve the purpose of fumigating nematodes.

⑷ chemical control. Nematicidal agents were applied in ditch or hole application depending on the disease during planting or from mid-late July to early August. Nematodes include: contact nematicide such as 10% Yishubao, internal inhalation nematicidal agents such as aldicarb, carbofuran, insecticidal, clenophos, and so on.

⑸ biological control. The disease can be reduced by strengthening cultivation management, centralized treatment of disease residue and taking measures such as reasonable fertilization and irrigation.