Key points of High-yield cultivation of Potato in Spring

Solanaceae Solanaceae, annual herbs, also known as eggs, potatoes, potatoes and so on. The earliest artificial cultivation of potatoes can be traced back to southern Peru from about 8000 to 5000 BC. Potatoes, 15-80 cm tall, glabrous or sparsely pilose. The stem is divided into two parts: the above ground stem and the underground stem. Potato is one of the five staple foods in China, with high nutritional value, strong adaptability and high yield. it is the third most important food crop in the world, second only to wheat and corn.

Growth conditions of potatoes

The potato growing land likes cold and cool, and it is a crop that likes low temperature. The formation and growth of underground potato lumps need a loose, ventilated, cool and moist soil environment.

The temperature requirement of potato: the suitable temperature for tuber growth is 16 ℃ ~ 18 ℃, when the local temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the tuber stops growing, and the suitable temperature for stem and leaf growth is 15 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, which stops growing when it exceeds 39 ℃.

Potatoes have been introduced into China for only more than 300 years. It is said that it was introduced by overseas Chinese from Southeast Asia, and China's potato planting area ranks second in the world in the 21st century. With high yield, rich nutrition and strong adaptability to the environment, potatoes have spread all over the world. Tropical and subtropical countries can cultivate and obtain higher yields even in winter or cool seasons.

Key points of High-yield cultivation of Potato in Spring

Potatoes are planted in a shed at the beginning of April every year, and when the seedlings of the first-class potatoes have grown to 2 inches high in early May, they are then transplanted to the field, and the early potatoes can be harvested half a month ahead of schedule at the end of June. The specific management techniques are as follows:

First, cut into pieces to promote budding

20 days before sowing, the germination began at about the beginning of March. When potatoes are cut into pieces, each piece has at least one sprout eye. 10 yuan and 15 yuan per jin is suitable. After cutting, the seeds were soaked in water for sterilization and disinfection with small ash dry mixture or carbendazim powder 1: 200 times. After the seed block is dried, there are two methods: one is to promote germination with sand in the corner above 15 ℃ at room temperature, and the other is to dig a pit in the east-west direction of outdoor ventilation and sunrise, with a depth of about 25 cm, one layer of sand and one layer of seed block, three layers are appropriate, and then covered with arch shed film and covered with grass curtain at night. The above two methods should be sprinkled for 1 or 2 times during budding to prevent drying. When the bud grows to 0.5 cm and 1.0 cm long, it begins to sow seeds.

Second, land preparation and trenching

Look at the soil moisture before planting, if the soil moisture is not good, you can consider irrigation ditch to create soil moisture, during the period of soil moisture should be 7-10 days before planting. Potato planting is generally double-ditch planting, ditching can use a large row of 50 cm, a small row of 40 cm.

Third, sowing and covering the film

The Spring Equinox to Qingming Festival is the best period, what should be specially pointed out here is that virus-free potatoes can be sowed in advance, finished before the Spring Equinox, and the plant distance can be controlled at 20 cm. Before sowing, 10 000 times of water was sprayed with caprylic sulfuric acid to prevent underground pests. Organic fertilizer can be sprinkled directly into the ditch or during soil preparation; chemical fertilizer can be put into the ditch or scattered between the seed blocks (be careful not to come into direct contact with the seed block). When sowing, there are two ways to put the seed block into the ditch: one is to put the seed bud down, the potato root grows strong, the potato root is small, but the potato block is large, but the seedling is 2-3 days late; the other method is to plant bud up, the potato root is relatively short, the potato is small but more, and the seedling is 2-3 days earlier. After the end of the planting, take soil from both sides of the big row to cover the space of the potato ditch and the small line, and add microfilm to cover and compact strictly.

Fourth, emergence and release of seedlings and management of seedling stage

After the Qingming Festival, about 20 days after sowing, there is seedling exposed soil, at this time, the microfilm can be scratched and released to prevent steaming seedlings. When the seedling grows to 10 cm high, the film around the seedling is pressed tightly with soil to preserve water and press the grass. Potatoes should not be watered in the early stage of growth, and should be watered after flowering. If the weather is dry and there is no rain, it can be watered every 10 days, generally 2 or 3 times, and stop watering 10 days before harvest. Prevent insect pests such as aphids or thrips at seedling stage.

V. rational fertilization

Potatoes like to apply farm manure, which is suitable for every 666.7 square meters. At the same time, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be used together when applying chemical fertilizer properly. Potatoes require a large amount of potassium, and the scientific and reasonable proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.85. Potatoes like to absorb ammonium nitrogen and absorb more sulfur. According to the experiment, each additional kilogram of potassium sulfate fertilizer can increase the yield of potatoes by 100kg to 150kg.