Key points of pumpkin cultivation in spring and autumn

Pumpkin is called hanging melon in Shandong and Japanese melon in the northeast. Edible, there are orange and cyan two, the shape is flat round or irregular gourd shape, immature fruit crisp meat dense, can be served, do stuffing, ripe fruit sweet noodles, can cook porridge. Pumpkins are planted all over China. The tender fruit is palatable and is one of the melons and vegetables in summer and autumn. Old melons can be used as feed or miscellaneous grains, so there are many places also known as rice melons. In the West, pumpkins are often used to make pumpkin pie, that is, pumpkin cookies. Pumpkin seeds can be used as snacks. Pumpkins are an excellent source of B-carotene, an antioxidant that helps maintain sharp thinking, and zinc, a mineral rich in pumpkin seeds, is also an important substance that promotes brain function.

Dietotherapy value of pumpkin

Eating pumpkins can play a role in eliminating carcinogens and preventing cancer. Pumpkins contain a lot of zinc, which is good for skin and nail health, in which antioxidant β-carotene can protect the eyes and heart, and can also eliminate the mutation of nitrite amine. Stop the emergence of cancer cells.

Eating pumpkin can help stomach digestion and protect gastric mucosa, and the pectin contained in pumpkin can also protect gastric mucous membrane from rough food stimulation, promote ulcer healing, promote bile secretion, strengthen gastrointestinal peristalsis, and help food digestion. suitable for patients with stomach disease.

In addition, pumpkin can also effectively prevent and cure diabetes and reduce blood sugar. Pumpkin seeds are also good food and have the effect of deworming. Cooking porridge is more helpful to digestion. Pumpkin is warm, sweet and non-toxic, entering the spleen and stomach meridians, moisturizing the lung and replenishing qi, resolving phlegm and expelling pus, detoxifying and detoxifying, treating lung carbuncle and constipation, moisturizing hair follicle wall, beauty and anti-acne and other effects.

It mainly treats chronic diseases such as deficiency of qi, weakness of spleen and stomach, expectoration, shortness of breath, loose stool, diabetes, Ascaris lumbricoides and so on.

Key points of pumpkin cultivation in spring and autumn

Early pumpkin cultivation

1. Variety selection. It is appropriate to choose a string of bolls, green skin a string of bolls, sweet chestnut and other early-maturing, rain-tolerant and low-temperature varieties.

2. sow seeds at the right time. Greenhouse, greenhouse and other facilities were sown and raised seedlings in the middle of February, and in the open field in early March. Put the seeds in 55 ℃ warm water, soak them while stirring, soak for 4-6 hours when the water temperature drops to 30 ℃, rub the mucus on the seed coat after soaking, wrap them with a wet cloth and put them under the condition of 25-35 ℃ to accelerate germination. After 36-48 hours, the buds can be sown. Before sowing, complete the seedbed, pour water thoroughly, make a small square of 7-10 cm, then place the seeds flat in the square, and cover the nutritious soil 1-2 cm thick. Maintain a high temperature of 25-30 ℃ after sowing. When about 20% of the buds begin to top the soil, sprinkle 0.6 cm of fine fluvo-aquic soil to preserve soil moisture. After emergence, let out the wind and cool down, 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 10 ℃ at night.

3. Soil preparation and fertilization. 3000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer and 30 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu, deep ploughing and fine ploughing, and even mixing of fertilizer and soil. The width of the border is 1.3-1.4 meters, the width of the ditch is 0.35 meters, and the depth of the open-field cultivation ditch is 0.3 meters. The border is in the shape of a tortoise.

4. Planting in time. In the middle of March, the strong seedling belt tuo was selected and planted in the large and medium-sized shed, or the post-arch shed was planted and covered with film for 15-20 days. Open field cultivation and colonization in early April. One row is planted in one row, and the seedlings are planted on the edge of the border far away from the ditch in the middle of the two beds. It is easy to set up a frame, and the seedling depth should be about 3 cm from the ground. The distance between plants is 60 cm × 70 cm and 600-800 plants are planted per mu.

5. Field management. After sitting melon and tender melon harvest period, once every 10 days after topdressing mature human and animal manure water, or topdressing 1-2 times compound fertilizer, 15-20 kg per mu. In order to increase the fruit setting rate, the male flowers of zucchini blooming at the same time and the female flowers of pumpkins that just bloomed can be pollinated artificially, or on the morning of the first female flowers of pumpkins, the female flowers can be sprayed with 40 mg / kg anti-falling hormone. Greenhouse cultivation should remove lateral vines in time, only keep 1-2 strong lateral vines above the first melon, start to draw vines, and build a viaduct of more than 1 meter for every two rows. If powdery mildew is found, 500 times of sulfur suspension or 800 times of 50% methyl topiramate wettable powder can be sprayed at the initial stage of the disease.

Second, autumn pumpkin cultivation

1. The old plant falls in autumn. For summer-sown pumpkins, all old and tender melons were picked in mid-August, withered leaves and some side branches were cut off, 25-30 kg compound fertilizer per mu, 15-20 cm deep ploughing between rows, turning fertilizer into the soil, while injuring some of its old roots and stimulating new roots. Then pour enough water, often keep the soil moist, around the first ten days of October can bear a large number of autumn melons.

2. Sowing pumpkins in autumn. Select heat-resistant and disease-resistant varieties such as golden chestnut, Yipin, yellow wolf pumpkin and so on. Direct seeding after sprouting from late July to early August, it is best to raise seedlings with nutrition bowl, protect seedlings with sunshade net, and plant seedlings at the age of more than 20 days. Jinli and other small pumpkins row spacing 1.2 meters, yellow wolf pumpkins and other large and medium-sized pumpkins 1.5-2 meters, plant spacing 0.6-0.7 meters. Apply 30-40 kg compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer. Cover grass on the border to cool and moisturize, cover the sunshade net before the first ten days of September, and spray 1-2 times 50 mg / kg naphthylacetic acid to prevent virus disease. Set up hedgerows after vine extraction, prune single vine, remove all side branches, water in time to resist drought, topdressing 1-2 times after fruit setting, apply 15-20 kg compound fertilizer per mu each time, watering should be carried out early and late, using ditch irrigation to run horse water, less irrigation and frequent irrigation, while persisting in artificial pollination, dipping flowers with 2p4murD to increase fruit setting rate.

Autumn-sown pumpkins are prone to aphids and virus diseases. 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed every 7 days, and 10% imidacloprid wettable powder plus 20% virus A wettable powder is used to control diseases and pests. Tender melons can be harvested in mid-late September, old melons can be harvested in October and harvested until early November. Old melons generally harden before frost, produce white powder, harvest when the stalk turns yellow and hard, and leave a section of vine when the stalk is harvested for storage. The yield per mu is 1500-2000 kg, which can be stored to New Year's Day and listed during the Spring Festival.