Standardized cultivation and management techniques of pumpkin

Pumpkin is one of the older crops cultivated by human beings. it has a long history of cultivation, strong stress resistance, variety, strong adaptability, wide geographical distribution, high yield and storage tolerance, different fruit shape, size and quality, and colorful fruit.

Pumpkins are annual trailing herbs. The stem is several meters long, rooting at the nodes, stout, furrowed, hispidulous, tendrils divided into 3-4 forks. Simple leaves alternate, leaf blade cordate or broadly ovate, 5-lobed with 5 angles, slightly soft, 15-30 cm long, both sides densely velutinous, often white spots along the margin and leaf surface, irregular serrated margin. Flowers solitary, monoecious. The male flower receptacle is short. Calyx lobes linear, apex enlarged into leaflike. Corolla campanulate, yellow, 5-lobed, lobes spreading, rugose. There are 3 stamens. Anthers conjunct, anther chamber regular S-shaped curvature. Female flowers: Calyx lobed conspicuously, leaflike, ovary orbicular or elliptic, 1-loculed, style short, stigma 3, 2-lobed each. Bottle gourd, flat ball-shaped, pot-shaped, cylindrical, etc., with longitudinal grooves and protuberances on the surface, smooth or verrucous protuberances.

Like orange petal, ranging from orange-yellow to orange-red. The fruit stalk is furrowed and the melon stalk expands into a trumpet. Seeds ovate or elliptic, 1.5 × 2 cm long, grayish white or yellowish white, margin thin. The flowering period is from May to July and the fruiting period is from July to September. Native to southern Asia, it is cultivated all over the world. The fruit is used as a vegetable; the seeds are oily and edible, treating the prostate and so on. Seeds (pumpkin seeds) and melon stalks are often used in medicine, which can dispel insects, strengthen the spleen and lower milk. Widely cultivated in China, its fruit is edible. At the same time, pumpkins are very popular in rural areas because they are both vegetables and grain substitutes. In recent years, people have found that pumpkins can not only satisfy hunger, but also have a certain dietary value, so earth-flavored pumpkins are able to enter the hall of elegance.

Standardized cultivation and management techniques of pumpkin

First, land selection and land preparation:

Pumpkin is not very strict on soil, sandy soil, clay loam, loam can be planted, but in order to achieve high and stable yield, it is most suitable to choose sandy loam and loam rich in organic matter. As it is rainy in spring and dry in autumn, the border should be deep and high, with a width of 1.8-2.3 meters.

2. Raising seedlings and planting:

Pumpkins are sown from January to March in spring and from July to August in autumn. Early-maturing cultivation, seedling raising and transplanting, middle and late ripening direct seeding. The seedlings are generally raised in a small plastic arch shed to protect against cold, and the best seedling age is 20ml for 30 days. The moisture content should be controlled at the seedling stage, and 3 true leaves should be planted in 2mi. The distance between plants is 0. 5mu and 0. 7m, and 800 plants are planted in mu.

III. Field management:

1. Fertilizer and water management

When preparing the soil, 2000,000kg of rotten organic fertilizer per mu was applied as base fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer application depends on plant development and soil fertility, and nutrients should be properly controlled in the early stage of growth to prevent overgrowth. In general, potash fertilizer or compound fertilizer is applied heavily in the flowering and fruiting period, and 20ml / mu is applied to 30kg.

After the pumpkin is planted to the front of the vine, try not to irrigate (drench) water, but should pay close attention to ploughing to promote root development. In addition to timely irrigation when fertilization, generally do not dry and do not water, plant growth is prosperous and not drenched. At the same time, it is necessary to drain waterlogging in time.

two。 Intermediate ploughing and weeding

It is necessary to carry out intermediate ploughing and weeding before planting to extend the vine and seal the row, try not to loosen the root system, and properly cultivate soil to the root to form a small high ridge. With the growing vines of melon seedlings, it is no longer suitable for intertillage when the ground is gradually covered.

3. Pruning and pressing vines

Pruning and pressing vines is one of the technical measures for early ripening and high yield of pumpkin. For the varieties with excessive growth potential and more lateral branches, the removal of some lateral branches, weak branches and overlapping branches is beneficial to prevent the overgrowth of plants and improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of plants. When the vine extends to about 60 cm, the method is to press the vine for the first time, by digging a shallow trench with a depth of 7 mi 9 cm next to the vine, then gently putting the vine into the ditch, and then pressing the top of the growth with soil, the growth top should be exposed at 12 ml 15 cm, and then press the vine once every 30 ml 50 cm, generally pressing the vine 3 times for 4 times. For the highly dense cultivation of early-maturing pumpkin, press the vine once, or even not press the vine.

4. Artificial assisted pollination

The method of artificial pollination can prevent falling flowers and improve the rate of fruit setting. Pollination should be carried out on a sunny morning and gently daub the stigma of female flowers with open male flowers to achieve the purpose of pollination.

5. Harvesting and storage

Young pumpkin and old mature pumpkin are edible. Generally, early melon and early mature pumpkin can be harvested 15 days after flowering, while mature melons can be harvested only 60 days after flowering. The old ripe melon skin is generally thickened with wax powder, and the skin color changes from green to yellow or red. It is not easy to break when gently scratching the skin with fingernails. Generally damaged, disease spots or immature melons are not suitable for storage, storage melons should be harvested in sunny days, stored in a ventilated, cool room, generally can be stored for 4 months.

Fourth, pest prevention and control:

Pumpkin has relatively few diseases and insect pests. The main diseases are virus disease, powdery mildew and anthracnose. Virus diseases are mainly transmitted by aphids. Aphids should be controlled and eliminated. If diseased plants are found, they should be pulled out and burned as soon as possible and disinfected with lime to prevent spread. Powdery mildew can be controlled with 205 triadimefon 1500 times and colloidal sulfur 500 times. Anthrax can be controlled with anthrax Fumei 300 times and Shibao Gong 1000 times. The main insect pests are aphids, which can be controlled by 1000 Mel 1500 times and 2000 3000 times respectively.