Field cultivation and Management techniques of Perilla frutescens

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. The name of the plant is: "White,""Red," etc. It is an annual herb of the Labiatae family. With a specific fragrance, leaves more wrinkled curl, complete after flattening was oval, 4 to 11 cm long, 2.5 to 9 cm wide, apex long pointed or acute, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin with circular serrations, purple or green on both sides, the lower surface has a majority of concave punctate gland scales, petiole 2 to 5 cm long, purple or purple-green, crisp. The tender branch is purple-green, has the pith in the middle section, the gas fragrance, the taste is slightly pungent.

Botany History of Perilla frutescens

Perilla has been planted and applied in China for nearly 2000 years, mainly used for medicinal, oil, spice, edible and other aspects. Its leaves (perilla leaves), stems (perilla stems) and fruits (perilla fruits) can be used as medicine. The tender leaves can be eaten raw and made into soup, and the stems and leaves can be submerged. In modern times, Perilla frutescens has become a multi-purpose plant with high economic value because of its unique active substances and nutritional components. Russia, Japan, Korea, USA, Canada and other countries have carried out a large number of commercial cultivation of Perilla plants, and developed dozens of Perilla products such as edible oil, medicine, immersion products, cosmetics and so on.

Cultivation and Management Techniques of Perilla frutescens in Field

1, land selection, land preparation: choose sufficient sunshine, convenient irrigation, loose fertile loam planting is good. Every 667 square meters need 2000 to 3000 kilograms of farm manure as base fertilizer, tillage, rake fine leveling, make 80 to 100 cm wide bed.

2. Propagation method: seed propagation, direct seeding or seedling transplantation. (1) Direct seeding from late March to early and middle April, 0.5 to 1 cm shallow furrows are opened on the arranged beds according to row spacing of 50 to 60 cm. The holes are opened according to the hole spacing of 30 cm ×50 cm. When sowing, the seeds will be mixed with fine sand, evenly scattered into the ditch (hole), covered with thin soil, slightly suppressed, 1000 grams of seeds per 667 square meters, 5 to 7 days after sowing can emerge.② Seedling transplantation: The method is the same as above. After the seedlings are unearthed, the seedlings are thinned when the seedling height is 5 to 6 cm, and when the seedling height is 15 to 20 cm, the seedlings are transplanted into the field according to the row spacing of 50 cm * 60 cm on rainy days or in the afternoon, and the seedlings can survive by watering once or twice in time after planting.

3. Field management

① Thinning and supplementary seedlings: for those who sow in drill, when the seedling height is about 10 cm, the seedlings shall be determined according to the plant spacing of 30 cm; for those who sow in holes, 1 to 2 plants shall be reserved for each hole. If there is a shortage of seedlings, they should be supplemented.

2. Intertillage and weeding: intertillage and weeding must be done frequently before closing, watering or after rain, such as soil hardening, should also be loosened in time.

③ topdressing: when the seedling height is 60 cm, 1500 kg of human and animal manure shall be applied every 667 square meters, with 15 kg of urea, and then soil cultivation and watering shall be carried out.

Drainage: seedlings and flowering need more water, and should be watered in time when drought occurs. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season.

4, pest control spot blight

It starts in June and damages the leaves. Prevention and control methods: early onset with 70 percent zinc powder spray; or with 1:1:200 times the Bordeaux spray control.

5. Harvesting and utilization

The seedlings and tender stems and leaves of perilla are edible. Harvesting seedlings in spring and tender stems and shoots before flowering. The harvested perilla is washed with clean water and can be cooked and eaten, cold mixed and soup; perilla can also extract essential oil and be used as seasoning for food processing; the fruit, leaves, calyx and stem of perilla can be used as medicine.