Cultivation and management techniques of amaranth in open field in summer

Amaranth, formerly known as amaranth, alias: Yanlaihong, old and young, tricolor amaranth, Latin name: Amaranthus tricolor, amaranth, amaranth annual herbs, stems stout, green or red, often branched, hairy or glabrous when young. The body of amaranth is soft and smooth, with a strong flavor, sweet and fragrant in the entrance, and has the effect of moistening the intestines and stomach and clearing heat. Also known as "sunflower", "crab vegetable", "braised vegetable", "braised vegetable". Some places are also known as "red mushroom tiger", coriander, Yuntian vegetables, cold vegetables and so on.

Growth habits of amaranth

Amaranth likes to be warm and heat-resistant, and the suitable temperature for growth is 23-27 ℃. The growth is slow below 20 ℃, and it is difficult for seeds below 10 ℃ to germinate. The soil is required to be moist, but not resistant to waterlogging, and the requirement of air humidity is not strict. It is a short-day vegetable, which is easy to bolt and blossom under the condition of high temperature and short day. When cultivated in spring with suitable temperature and long sunshine, bolting is late, the quality is tender and the yield is high.

Cultivation and management techniques of amaranth in open field in summer

I. selection of varieties

Big-leaf amaranth, round-leaf amaranth and pointed-leaf amaranth with strong heat resistance, drought resistance, strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, high yield and high quality should be selected in summer dew land. ① big leaf amaranth. The whole plant has 14 leaves, the leaf is large, long ovate, the leaf margin is nearly entire, deep purplish red, the periphery of the leaf is green; the stem is light green, the tender stem and mesophyll are thick and tender, suitable for cooked food, unique flavor. It can be harvested about 40 days after sowing. Generally, 667 square meters produce 2500 kilograms. ② round leaf amaranth. The whole plant has 15 leaves, the leaf is green on the front, the flour on the back is green, the petiole and stem are green or deep purplish red, and there are white short hairs on the stem and leaf. Tender stems and leaves are soft and suitable for cooked food. Under the condition of warmth and sufficient water and fertilizer, it grows rapidly and can be harvested more than 20 days after sowing. Generally, 667 square meters produce 2000 kilograms. ③ pointed leaf amaranth. The whole plant has 12 leaves, the leaves are long and narrow, the petioles and stems are purplish red, and the leaves and stems are covered with white short hairs. Tender plants are slightly thicker and contain more fiber, so they are suitable for cooked food. Generally, 667 square meters produce 1500 kilograms.

Second, sowing seeds on the border

Choose flat, convenient drainage and irrigation, fertile and loose sandy loam or clay loam, and alkaline soil. Soil preparation in time after the previous crop harvest, 2000 kg of ring fertilizer and 50 kg of diammonium phosphate were applied every 667m2. After deep turning and raking, a flat bed with a width of 1.5 meters is made. Direct seeding is generally used to harvest seedlings for consumption. The seeds were sown in stages from May to late June. Sowing is used, with 1 kg for every 667 square meters. After sowing, the soil is 0.5 cm thick, and the head water is poured after compaction.

III. Field management and protection

Amaranth is a wild vegetable, which is easy to manage and can always keep the field moist. Summer sowing amaranth seedling 3-6 days, timely weeding after emergence, and strengthen water and fertilizer management to keep the soil moist. In the high temperature period in midsummer, it is also necessary to cover the sunshade net to cool and moisturize, so as to cover day and night, and create a suitable temperature environment conducive to the growth of amaranth, which is conducive to increase yield and improve quality. From sowing to growing 2 true leaves, the first topdressing was carried out on a sunny day, the second topdressing was carried out after about 12 days, and the third topdressing was carried out after the first intercropping and harvest. Water in time after each topdressing, and then pull out and harvest once, that is, topdressing once. If the base fertilizer is sufficient, there is no topdressing during the growth period.

IV. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Amaranth has strong disease resistance, the main disease is white rust, and the pest is aphid. To prevent and cure white rust, you can spray 50% nail cream copper wettable powder 700 times liquid, or 64% poison alum wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 60% nail cream aluminum copper wettable powder 600 times solution at the initial stage of the disease. To control aphids, 40% dimethoate 1200-2000 times or 2.5% Kung Fu EC 4000 times can be sprayed.

5. Timely harvest

45-50 days after sowing, the height of the seedling was 12-15 cm, and when there were 5-6 leaves, it was harvested for the first time, that is, some overdense plants were pulled out. After 20 days, when the plant height is 20cm to 25cm, leave 5cm at the base for the second harvest. After that, the lateral branches were harvested for the third time when they germinated and grew into about 15 cm.