How can cowpea increase production

Cowpea (scientific name Vigna unguiculata), commonly known as carob beans, ginger beans, with beans, hanging beans. Cowpea is divided into cowpea and rice cowpea, belonging to the legume family. Cowpea is an annual plant of Leguminosae. There are three kinds of stems: dwarf, semi-vine and vine. In the south, trailing is the main cultivation, followed by dwarfism. Annual twining herb of butterfly family, leaflets 3, terminal leaflet rhomboid-ovate, 5-13 cm long and 4-7 cm wide, apex acute, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, both surfaces glabrous, lateral leaflets obliquely ovate; stipules ovate, ca. 1 cm, inserted into a short distance. Calyx campanulate, glabrous; Corolla lilac, ca. 2 cm, with yellowish whiskers in the upper part of the style. Pods linear, pendulous, up to 40 cm long. The flower and fruit period is from June to September.

Growth habits of cowpea

Cowpea requires high temperature and strong heat tolerance, and the suitable temperature for growth is 20-25 ℃. It can bear pods normally and does not fall flowers when the temperature is above 35 ℃ in summer, but it is not resistant to frost. When the temperature is below 10 ℃, the growth is inhibited. Cowpea belongs to short-day crops, but cowpeas cultivated as vegetables are mostly medium-light, and the sunshine requirements are not very strict, such as red-billed swallow, cowpea 28-2 and other varieties, which can be cultivated in spring, summer and autumn in the south. Cowpea has a wide adaptability to the soil, as long as the drainage is good, the soil is loose, the fields can be planted, the pods are tender, and the pod stage requires sufficient fertilizer and water. Cowpea is a climbing plant, so it is necessary to build a shelf with a height of about 2 meters when the seedlings grow above 30cm. The materials are usually Reed, thin bamboo pole, thin wood and so on. The top branches of cowpea have the habit of winding and climbing, and will climb on their own.

How can cowpea increase production?

Cowpea is a commonly used vegetable. With the development of vegetable processing industry, cowpea, like some vegetables, is more and more in short supply. How to increase cowpea output and improve cowpea quality needs to grasp the following three key technical measures:

1. Select improved varieties

Because of low surface temperature and short sunshine in early spring and late autumn, some cold-tolerant and early-maturing varieties should be selected, such as Yangxiang 12 and so on. Because of high temperature and long sunshine in summer sowing, some heat-resistant varieties should be selected, such as poplar cowpea 40 and so on.

2. Formula fertilization

Cowpea trailing, vegetative growth and reproductive growth period is longer, so we should pay attention to the skillful application of base fertilizer and foliar fertilizer. In the base fertilizer, appropriately increase the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, reduce the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer, prevent cowpea from overgrowing in the later stage and short florescence, thus affecting the yield of cowpea; in the later stage, combined with pest control, increase the amount of foliar fertilizer topdressing, can prolong the growth period of cowpea.

3. Field management pass

Pay close attention to pest control, cowpea afraid of stains, ditch drainage can not only promote the healthy growth of cowpea, but also improve the disease resistance of cowpea. Cowpea diseases and insect pests are easy to occur in July and August every year, and the main diseases and insect pests are downy mildew, rust, aphids, cabbage insects and so on. The control methods are as follows: the disease is sprayed with fungicides such as flumomanganese zinc and triadimefon, and the insect pests are sprayed with Kaiwei 168 and avermectin. It should be noted that insecticide spraying must be selected at 8 am, 9 am will be flowers, flowers and fruits, vine drenched to be effective. In order to delay premature senility, 200 g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be added to the solution to increase the yield.