Key points of cultivation and management of cowpea in summer

Cowpea belongs to Leguminosae and is one of the oldest vegetable crops in the world. Cowpeas are kidney-shaped when ripe, with black, white, red, purple, brown and other colors. Cowpea is mainly produced in Shanxi, Shandong, Shaanxi and other places in China.

Varieties of cowpea cultivated in summer:

Qili cowpea: the pod color is green, the seed is not bulged at 38 degrees high temperature, and the pod color does not turn white. The continuous podding ability is strong, the yield is high, and the strip length is 65-75 cm. Strong disease resistance. The disadvantage is that the pod becomes shorter and curved at low temperature. It is suitable for sowing from April 20 to June 30 in the Yellow River Basin, from mid-April to early July in the Yangtze River Basin, from early April to early August in northern Guangxi, spring and summer in Zhejiang and Fujian, and spring sowing in Leizhou Peninsula.

The whole king cowpea: the pod color is green and white, which is greener than the small five-leaf pod color. High yield, strong adaptability, no seed bulging at high temperature and no bending at low temperature. The pod is about 70 cm long. Suitable for spring sowing in North China, Northwest China, Yellow River Basin, Yangtze River Basin, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in spring, summer and autumn, early spring sowing in Leizhou Peninsula, winter sowing in Hainan.

Qili Zaosheng: green and white pod color, thick meat, extra high yield, pod length of about 80 cm, especially outstanding resistance to low temperature, pod length can still reach 70 cm at 13 degrees low temperature. The disadvantage is that it is susceptible to disease at seedling stage. It is suitable for planting in areas with less rainfall.

Qimei: high disease resistance, barren resistance, good strip shape, no bulging seeds, especially good ending, strip length of about 70 cm, medium yield. It is suitable for summer sowing in South China and Hainan and planting in the hills of the Yangtze River basin.

Nutritional value of cowpea

Ganping nature, invigorate the stomach and kidney, contains proteins that are easy to digest and absorb, as well as a variety of vitamins and trace elements. Phospholipids can promote insulin secretion and is an ideal food for people with diabetes.

Nutritional analysis of cowpea:

Cowpeas are rich in vitamin B, C and plant protein, which can calm the mind. Recuperate the digestive system and eliminate the fullness of chest and diaphragm. It can prevent and cure acute gastroenteritis, vomiting and diarrhea. It has the effect of relieving thirst and invigorating the spleen, tonifying the kidney and stopping diarrhea, replenishing qi and promoting fluid.

Cowpea provides high-quality protein that is easy to digest and absorb, an appropriate amount of carbohydrates and a variety of vitamins, trace elements, etc., which can supplement the body's signature nutrients.

The B vitamins contained in cowpea can maintain normal digestive gland secretion and gastrointestinal peristalsis, inhibit cholinase activity, help digestion and increase appetite.

Vitamin C in cowpea can promote the synthesis of antibodies and improve the antiviral effect of the body.

The phospholipid of cowpea can promote insulin secretion and participate in sugar metabolism, so it is an ideal food for people with diabetes.

Cowpea nutrients: vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, minerals including iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, protein and folic acid.

Key points of cultivation and management of cowpea in summer

Summer cowpea refers to the cowpea planted at 35 degrees Celsius during the peak harvest. This crop of cowpea is easy to bulge seeds and serious diseases and insect pests because of its high temperature, small temperature difference and large rainfall. Therefore, the cultivation technique is different from that in spring. The cultivation goal is not to pursue high yield, but to be good in commodity, strong in disease resistance, and suitable for consumption habits in a specific market. General attention should be paid to the following links.

1. Variety selection

On the basis of ensuring suitable color, no bulging seeds at high temperature and strong disease resistance, high-yield varieties should be selected as far as possible.

two. Soil preparation and fertilization

Apply 30 kilograms of three-element compound fertilizer per mu, 1 kilogram of borax (once every three years), 50 grams of ammonium molybdate and two sides of organic fertilizer. When ploughing, 40% of the maidservant was poisoned to 400 ml to control underground pests. There are high ridges in the south and high and flat beds in the Yellow River basin. The ground is covered with 60cm black plastic film according to row spacing, which can not only prevent the growth of weeds but also preserve soil moisture and prevent waterlogging.

three. Sowing seeds

1.5-1.7 kg per mu. The density is thinner than that of spring seed, planting 2800-3000 holes per mu, two grains per hole, two rows with a spacing of 1.5m, and a distance of 30cm. Be sure to cover the film before sowing. It is best to accelerate the germination of indoor seeds before sowing.

4. Seedling stage management

The seedling period of summer cultivation is very short, only 15-20 days from seedling emergence to vine shedding. The main points of management are disease prevention and fertilizer control. Generally, 40 ml of 10% nitrilazole EC is used to irrigate the root to prevent cowpea base rot.

5. Shelf-climbing management

From shaking the vine to climbing the full rack, the main management is to control water and fertilizer, and keep the soil moisture in the yellow soil moisture state, that is, the soil water content is 60-70%. Do not apply fertilizer before climbing half a rack, especially nitrogen fertilizer must not be applied. Pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and pests, generally use 10% nitrilazole 60ml plus chlorobenzamide mixed spray. When there is heavy rainfall, protective fungicides such as Dakonine or Dyson should be added. When the plant growth point exceeds the frame pole, pick the heart and hit the top in time.

6. Podding period management

First, water and fertilizer management should keep up, especially nitrogen fertilizer should be fully applied, but the amount of fertilizer applied at one time should not be too much, and the fertilization position should not be too close to the plant, which would easily lead to fallen leaves and rat tail. Generally, 10-15 kg of urea per mu should be applied beyond 40 cm from the plant, and should be watered in time after application.

Second, rational and safe use of drugs to prevent and control insect pests. The use of highly toxic pesticides is prohibited. Generally, 95% of the pests can be killed by spraying chlorobenzamide once every 7 days, and the residue is low.

The third is to prevent and control diseases. Anthracnose and leaf spot in the early stage and powdery mildew in the later stage. The general use of drugs is a mixture of therapeutic agents and protective agents, such as bromobacillonitrile plus daconine, nitrile azole plus Dysenlian, and forbidden triadimefon. Make sure to spray the medicine once after a rain, or once a week.

Fourth, the rational use of foliar fertilizer can make pods more beautiful. In general, potassium nitrate and compound nitrophenol sodium are sprayed mixed in the prevention and treatment of diseases and insects. Commonly used foliar fertilizer is high potassium treasure and so on.