How to cultivate fennel

Fennel and cumin are commonly used seasonings, which are necessary for roasting fish stew and making stewed food. Because they can remove the stench from the meat and make it fragrant again, it is called "fennel". Fennel is a big material, the scientific name is "star anise". The seed of cumin is a condiment, and its stems and leaves also have fragrance, which is often used as stuffing for food such as steamed buns and dumplings. The main ingredients they contain are fennel oil, which can stimulate gastrointestinal nerves and blood vessels, promote digestive juice secretion, increase gastrointestinal peristalsis, and eliminate accumulated gas, so they have the effect of invigorating the stomach and promoting qi; sometimes gastrointestinal peristalsis decreases after excitement, thus helping to relieve spasm and pain. Alias fennel seed, fennel, fennel, Huaixiang, coriander, cumin.

Morphological characteristics of fennel

Perennial herbs, 40-200 cm high, the whole plant surface is powdery, glabrous, with strong aroma. Stems erect, smooth, grayish green or pale, branched. Leaves 3-4-pinnately compound, final leaflet linear, 4-40 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide; petiole ca. 14 cm, base sheathlike clasping. Inflorescences terminal; total pedicels 4-25 cm long, involucre and bracteoles absent; rays 8-20, unequal; flowers small, yellow; no calyx teeth; petals 45, broadly ovate, distally inward-curled, retuse; stamens 5, longer than petals; ovary inferior, 2-loculed, style 2. The hanging fruit is oblong, with 5 raised edges, flowering from June to July and fruiting from September to October.

Cumin is a dicotyledonous spring crop with long sunshine, semi-cold tolerance, early tolerance and cold tolerance, which is more tolerant to drought but not resistant to waterlogging. The growth period is 65-85 days after emergence. The growth process is fast, 35-45 days after emergence to the initial flowering stage, flowering in the first and middle of May, fruit from late May to the first and middle of June, and harvest in the middle of June. The conventional plant height is 30cm to 55cm, and the stem is pseudo-bifurcated. Leaves alternate, leaf blade Ternate-split leaves, with narrow lanceolate leaf sheaths. Umbels 1-2 cm in diameter, white or blue-white, with 5-7 single flowers, double hanging fruits are oblong-ovate, 5-8 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, and contain two yellowish seeds.

How to cultivate fennel?

1. Land selection and preparation. Fennel has strong root system, drought resistance and waterlogging resistance, so we should choose deep soil layer and good salt removal. The sandy soil or light sandy loam with strong permeability and good drainage should be planted with barley, wheat, melons, beans, etc., avoid continuous cropping, ploughing and leveling in time after harvest, and irrigate enough moisture at the bottom. The seeds of fennel are small, and the soil strength of the seedlings after germination is weak, so the soil should be carefully prepared. Generally, the soil should be ploughed and leveled in time after thawing in early spring, shoveling high and low, reaching fine crushing and soft, flat as a mirror, in preparation for sowing.

2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. Fennel has a long growth period, needs a large amount of fertilizer, likes phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and fertilization should be based on base fertilizer. Before sowing, 1000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 50 kg of rare earth phosphate fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 6 kg of potassium sulfate should be applied uniformly to the depth of 10 cm of soil as base fertilizer.

3. Soil treatment. Combined with soil preparation in the middle of March, 100 cm fluralin or trimethoprim EC was mixed with 30 kg water per mu, and sprayed evenly on the surface on a windless day, raked the ground in time, so that the soil medicine was evenly mixed, and the depth of raking was 6 MMI8 cm. After raking, the surface was leveled in time to preserve soil moisture to be sown.

4. Early sowing at the right time. Select full seeds, bright color, disease-free seeds, artificial selection, remove sundries, and mix the seeds with phoxim before sowing. Hexi region is generally suitable for late March to mid-April, with 3 kilograms of carefully treated seeds per mu, with a row spacing of 30muri 40cm and a plant spacing of 12Muth15cm for hole sowing, sowing about 10 seeds per hole, or mechanical strip sowing, sowing at a depth of about 2cm, flattening the surface after sowing.

5. Loosen the soil and weed. The top soil strength of fennel seedlings is weak, and the growth of fennel seedlings is slow. The hardening should be broken before and after emergence, the seedlings should be unearthed, weeds should be removed in time after the seedlings are unearthed, and weeding should be done in time to keep the fields loose and clean in order to facilitate growth and development.

6. The seedlings are fixed. Wait for fennel to grow 3 true leaves, seedling height 4murmure 5 cm can be inter-seedling, plant distance 12 Mel 15 cm, leave seedling 2 Mel 3 per hole, 4 Mel Mel 5 true leaf seedling height 6 Mel 8 cm when fixed seedling, 1 seedling per hole, 1.2-15000 seedlings per mu is appropriate, inter-seedling should be early, fixed seedling should be ruthless, double seedlings should be prohibited, in order to form strong seedlings.

7. Rational fertilization. Combined with irrigation, urea per mu was topdressing 10 kg urea per mu according to seedling condition, foliar topdressing was adhered to during flowering and filling stage, and 3murine such as phosphorus dipotassium was sprayed 4 times in combination with irrigation.

8. Timely irrigation. We should control irrigation at seedling stage, promote root development, prevent overgrowth and lodging, frequently irrigate shallow irrigation at flowering stage, promote consistent flowering, concentrated fruiting, early maturity, and control irrigation in the later stage to prevent greedy green and late ripening. In general, head water is irrigated at the early stage of flowering after bolting, two water at full bloom, three water at filling stage, to prevent stagnant water in the field, and 3 Murray for 4 times during the whole growth period.

9. Control pests. Fennel is prone to aphid damage during the growing period, so it can be sprayed with aldicarb, permethrin, dimethrin, etc., 40g of water and 40kg of water in the morning and evening.

10. harvest at the right time. The infinite inflorescence of fennel, which has a long florescence and inconsistent grain maturity, should be harvested step by step, that is, the first branch inflorescence should be cut once when the primary branch inflorescence is mature, and the secondary inflorescence should be fully harvested after maturity, usually harvested in late September. After harvest, it is pulled and transported to the drying field and placed in a ventilated place to dry in the shade to prevent grain discoloration caused by rain and sun exposure. after drying, the plant is threshed, sifted and stored for sale.