Key points of cultivation and management of fennel

Fennel, also known as Xiaohuaixiang, also known as coriander, cumin, fennel seed, millet (Sichuan, Guizhou), fragrant, tender leaves for vegetables, is the stem of cumin, is the dried ripe fruit of Umbelliferae plant fennel. It originated in Tang Materia Medica. Su Song said that people in the north call it fennel, and the sound is similar to Huaixiang. Tao Hongjing said: boil smelly meat, under a little, no odor, smelly sauce into the end also fragrant, so it is called fennel. Li Shizhen said that slang and vulgarity are often chewed in the name of incense, or in this way. The fruit (cumin) is used as spice and medicine, and the root, leaf and whole grass can also be used as medicine.

Cumin is the same plant in terms of leaf color, leaf shape, inflorescence, fruit, seed and other botanical characters, quality, flavor and other characteristics, are very similar, but the leaf sheath of fennel, embrace each other to form a flat spherical or spherical bulb. When mature, it becomes the main edible part, while the fine leaves and petioles are often fresh and crisp in the thick leaf sheath of fennel when the plant is tender, which is generally shredded and put into seasoning cold raw food, which can also be fried with all kinds of meat.

Morphological characteristics of fennel

Cumin belongs to Umbelliferae, annual herbaceous crop, straight stem, cylindrical smooth, pinnate leaves, compound leaves deeply split such as filiform, petiole light green, flower yellow, compound umbels, no involucre and bracteoles leaves, fruit (seed) linear-oblong, smooth solitary, plant growth height 30cm 35 cm, growth period about 90 days. After ripening, the fruit is orange-yellow, bright color and fragrant, with a thousand-grain weight of 2-2.3 grams.

Environmental requirements of cumin

Fennel likes cold climate and is more drought-resistant, but not moisture-resistant. Because fennel plants are short and the root system is shallow, they are generally distributed in the soil layer of 5-10 cm, and have strict requirements on the soil. It is most suitable to be planted on sandy soil with 1.5%-1.8% organic matter content.

The most suitable growth temperature of cumin was 15-20 ℃. The growth was slow when it was higher than 25 ℃ and inhibited when it was lower than 5 ℃. When sowing, the ground temperature was 5: 10 ℃, the seedlings emerged at 15: 16, and the seedlings emerged at 7: 8 at 12: 15 ℃. Sowing to maturity 85-95 days, flowering to maturity 25-30 days.

Key points of cultivation and management of fennel

1. Land selection

Fennel seeds are small, about 500000 seeds per kilogram, and it is not easy to emerge, so the requirements for land selection and soil preparation are very strict. It is necessary to choose sandy loam with medium and high fertility and containing more than 1.5% and 1.8% organic matter. Do not plant on saline-alkali soil and heavy clayey land. Plots with wheat, oats or weeds in the previous crop should not be planted.

two。 Soil preparation standard

Fennel seed is small, the top soil strength is poor, in soil preparation, to fine, loose, net, flat, broken, soil moisture standards, soil preparation to plough, Harrow, ploughing combined with one-stop compound operation, so that there is no small pit, no more than 3 cm of soil, no residual film, weeds, stems, soil pine, soil leveling, soil moisture.

Select suitable land, apply high-quality barnyard manure 45000 kg per hectare, deep ploughing more than 30 cm, rake flat and fine, make 80 cm wide flat border, when the ground is dry, you should first release water into the border and sow seeds when the topsoil is slightly loose.

two。 Breeding methods: sow seeds between "the Spring Equinox" and "Qingming Festival". Before sowing, select full new seeds, soak them in 40 ℃ warm water for 1-2 hours, remove them, put them in a cloth bag, put them in a warm place, rinse them with warm water twice a day, and sow them when the seeds germinate slightly. In the border, open a ditch 3-5 cm deep according to the row spacing of 40 cm, spread the seeds evenly, cover the soil flat and press slightly. The seedlings generally emerged 10-15 days after sowing, the seed consumption was 22.5-30 kg per hectare, and the yield of seedling transplanting was high.

3. Sowing time and sowing quantity

Fennel should be sowed sooner rather than later, usually finished in mid-March and early April at the latest. 667 the sowing rate of square rice is 1: 1.5 kg, the sowing depth is 2.5-3 cm, and the 667 square rice with three-material phosphate fertilizer is 10-15 kg.

4. Sowing mode

Fennel is mostly sown by strip sowing or sowing, and strip sowing uses 20 cm equal row spacing or 15 × 30 cm wide narrow row. Can also open ditches to build ridges and sow seeds, or sow seeds in small beds, suppress and increase soil moisture after sowing, and promote strong seedlings.

In recent years, intercropping is often used to interplant cotton, corn, vegetables and other crops to make full use of light and heat resources, improve the multiple cropping index and increase economic income.

Field management of fennel

When the seedlings are clearly in line, they should be ploughed in time to loosen the soil, preserve soil moisture, pull out weeds among plants, and rake horizontally in case of rain to facilitate the growth of seedlings. As there are many kinds of weeds in the fennel field and grow fast, they must be removed before the ridge is sealed. If dodder is harmful in the middle and later stage, 40% Dilean EC 200 × 300 times can be sprayed after 5: 00 p. M. and removed manually if necessary.

Fennel has a short growth period, small growth and little need for fertilizer and water. it is generally necessary to apply sufficient basic fertilizer and seed fertilizer before sowing, without irrigation and fertilization. if the soil is barren, spread urea 810 kg before ridge sealing (3-4 true leaves) combined with 667 square meters of irrigation water, adjust fertilizer with water and promote seedlings with fertilizer. In the early flowering stage and filling stage, spraying 2005g potassium dihydrogen phosphate per 667 square meters to promote more fruit setting, more fruit, and improve grain weight. The second water was irrigated at the late flowering stage and early filling stage, and the third water was irrigated at the end of filling stage to promote early maturity. Irrigation should adhere to irrigation in the morning and evening, timely and appropriate amount, avoid high-temperature irrigation, reduce dead seedlings, insist on seedling, land and sky irrigation is the key to high yield of fennel.

After emergence, the border should be properly watered according to the drought to keep the border wet at the seedling stage. When the seedling height is 6-8 cm, when the seedling height is 6-8 cm, the seedling height is 9 cm, and when the seedling height is more than 15 cm, the seedling height is 20 cm. Topdressing was carried out when the seedling height was 30 cm, mainly quick-acting organic fertilizer and calcium superphosphate. Watering during the drought and timely drainage in the rainy season to prevent rotting roots. After the harvest in the south of Shanxi Province in that year, the root covered with a layer of cow and horse dung or soil manure can survive the winter safely, germinate early in the second year, grow vigorously, and the yield is higher.

Timely harvest

When the seeds of cumin turn yellow and the stems and leaves wither, they can be harvested. Fennel is easy to fall and break branches, so the harvest should be carried out in the morning or evening.