Symptoms and control methods of cauliflower rust

In life, we may often hear a sentence, that is, when you wait for cauliflower to get cold, it is used to describe people who have been waiting for a long time. In particular, we can see that cauliflower must be familiar with people in our lives. Let's learn about cauliflower together with the editor.

Growth environment of cauliflower

Cauliflower is barren, drought-tolerant, lax on soil, and can be cultivated either geographically or on hillsides. It can adapt to a wide range of light and can be intercropped with taller crops. The aboveground part of cauliflower was not resistant to cold, and the underground part was resistant to-10 ℃ low temperature. Avoid wet soil or stagnant water. The seedlings began to be unearthed when the average temperature was more than 5 ℃, the optimum temperature for leaf growth was 15 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, and the higher temperature was required at flowering stage, and 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ was suitable.

Morphological characteristics of cauliflower

Hemerocallis foliata perennial herb, 30cm to 65cm tall. The root is fascicled, fleshy, the root tip expands into a spindle shape. Leaves basal, narrowly banded, lower end overlapping, spreading upward, ca. 40 × 60 cm long, 2 cm ~ 4 cm wide, entire, midrib protruding below leaves.

Flowering stems drawn from leaf axils, stem apical branches flowering, with several flowers, large, orange-yellow, funnel-shaped, perianth 6-lobed. Capsule, leathery, ellipsoid. The seed is black and bright. The plants are generally tall and large, with fleshy roots and fusiform expansion in the middle and lower parts. Leaves 7-20, 50-130 cm long and 6-25 mm wide.

Scape varies in length, generally slightly longer than leaves, base trigonous, upper ±Terete, branched; bracts lanceolate, lower ones up to 3-10 cm long, shorter from bottom to top, 3-6 mm wide; pedicels shorter, usually less than 1 cm long; flowers many, up to more than 100; perianth yellowish, sometimes blackish purple at the tip of the bud The perianth tube is 3-5 cm long, the perianth lobes are 7-12 cm long, and the inner three segments are 2-3 cm wide. Capsule obtusely trigonous-elliptic, 3-5 cm long. There are more than 20 seeds, black and angled. It takes 40-60 days from flowering to seed maturity. Flowering and fruiting period from May to September.

Symptoms and control methods of cauliflower rust

First, the symptom characteristics of cauliflower rust:

It mainly harms the leaves and can also harm the flower bolts. Leaves infected, early leaves scattered orange blister spots, spore spot rupture scattered orange powder, that is, summer spore pile. In the later stage, black teliospore pile is scattered on the leaf surface, but in the south, the teliospore pile is not necessarily produced.

2. The pathogen and characteristics of cauliflower rust:

The pathogen is basidiomycete subphylum, PucciniaemerocallidisThu m. In the north, the pathogen overwinters as winter spores on diseased plants and remnants, while in the south, it spreads infection harm among hosts with summer spores, and there is no obvious overwintering period. Suitable temperature (25 ℃) and high humidity (more than 85% relative humidity) are beneficial to the spread of the disease. Low-lying terrain, poor drainage, or thin soil, lack of fertilizer, or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer are easy to aggravate the disease. There were differences in disease resistance among varieties. The resistance of camellia (sweeping flower) and Hongjin flower is weak, and the disease is early and serious. Jingzhou flower and Mengzihua (mallet flower) have strong resistance, late disease and light injury.

3. Prevention and control of cauliflower rust:

1. Strengthen fertilizer and water management and enhance plant resistance (refer to the practice of anthracnose cultivation and disease prevention of cauliflower).

2. Spraying medicine early to prevent and control the disease. In the epidemic season of local diseases, strengthen inspection. Once sporadic initial diseased plants are found, in addition to cutting off diseased leaves or burning diseased plants, spraying should be used to block the disease center and eliminate the disease in the spot stage. The control of asparagus rust and powdery mildew of Lycium barbarum can be used as reference.

Cultivated varieties of cauliflower

1. Precocious type: the precocious type of cauliflower includes April flower, May flower, early morning flower, early tea mountain flower and so on.

2. Medium-mature type: medium-mature cauliflower has short arrow mid-term flower, high arrow mid-term flower, Mengzi flower, white flower, eggplant flower, curd flower, long-handle flower, black flower and so on.

3. Late ripening type: the late ripening type of cauliflower includes inverted arrow flower, fine leaf flower, mid-autumn flower, big leaf flower and so on.

In the process of planting cauliflower, in addition to mastering certain planting techniques, the most important thing is to have an understanding of the prevention and treatment of its diseases, only to understand the symptoms and treatment of some of its common diseases. in the planting of the corresponding diseases will not panic.